Towards Optimal Distributed Edge Coloring with Fewer Colors

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Main Authors: Jakob, Manuel, Maus, Yannic, Schager, Florian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Jakob, Manuel
Maus, Yannic
Schager, Florian
author_facet Jakob, Manuel
Maus, Yannic
Schager, Florian
contents There is a huge difference in techniques and runtimes of distributed algorithms for problems that can be solved by a sequential greedy algorithm and those that cannot. A prime example of this contrast appears in the edge coloring problem: while $(2Δ-1)$-edge coloring can be solved in $\mathcal{O}(\log^{\ast}(n))$ rounds on constant-degree graphs, the seemingly minor reduction to $(2Δ-2)$ colors leads to an $Ω(\log n)$ lower bound [Chang, He, Li, Pettie & Uitto, SODA'18]. Understanding this sharp divide between very local problems and inherently more global ones remains a central open question in distributed computing and it is a core focus of this paper. As our main contribution we design a deterministic distributed $\mathcal{O}(\log n)$-round reduction from the $(2Δ-2)$-edge coloring problem to the much easier $(2Δ-1)$-edge coloring problem. This reduction is optimal, as the $(2Δ-2)$-edge coloring problem admits an $Ω(\log n)$ lower bound, whereas the $2Δ-1$-edge coloring problem can be solved in $\mathcal{O}(\log^{\ast}n)$ rounds. By plugging in the $(2Δ-1)$-edge coloring algorithms from [Balliu, Brandt, Kuhn & Olivetti, PODC'22] running in $\mathcal{O}(\log^{12}Δ+ \log^{\ast} n)$ rounds, we obtain an optimal runtime of $\mathcal{O}(\log n)$ rounds as long as $Δ= 2^{\mathcal{O}(\log^{1/12} n)}$. Furthermore, on general graphs our reduction improves the runtime from $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(\log^3 n)$ to $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(\log^{5/3} n)$. In addition, we also obtain an optimal $\mathcal{O}(\log \log n)$-round randomized reduction of $(2Δ- 2)$-edge coloring to $(2Δ- 1)$-edge coloring. Lastly, we obtain an $\mathcal{O}(\log_Δn)$-round reduction from the $(2Δ-1)$-edge coloring, albeit to the somewhat harder maximal independent set (MIS) problem.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_13003
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Towards Optimal Distributed Edge Coloring with Fewer Colors
Jakob, Manuel
Maus, Yannic
Schager, Florian
Data Structures and Algorithms
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
There is a huge difference in techniques and runtimes of distributed algorithms for problems that can be solved by a sequential greedy algorithm and those that cannot. A prime example of this contrast appears in the edge coloring problem: while $(2Δ-1)$-edge coloring can be solved in $\mathcal{O}(\log^{\ast}(n))$ rounds on constant-degree graphs, the seemingly minor reduction to $(2Δ-2)$ colors leads to an $Ω(\log n)$ lower bound [Chang, He, Li, Pettie & Uitto, SODA'18]. Understanding this sharp divide between very local problems and inherently more global ones remains a central open question in distributed computing and it is a core focus of this paper. As our main contribution we design a deterministic distributed $\mathcal{O}(\log n)$-round reduction from the $(2Δ-2)$-edge coloring problem to the much easier $(2Δ-1)$-edge coloring problem. This reduction is optimal, as the $(2Δ-2)$-edge coloring problem admits an $Ω(\log n)$ lower bound, whereas the $2Δ-1$-edge coloring problem can be solved in $\mathcal{O}(\log^{\ast}n)$ rounds. By plugging in the $(2Δ-1)$-edge coloring algorithms from [Balliu, Brandt, Kuhn & Olivetti, PODC'22] running in $\mathcal{O}(\log^{12}Δ+ \log^{\ast} n)$ rounds, we obtain an optimal runtime of $\mathcal{O}(\log n)$ rounds as long as $Δ= 2^{\mathcal{O}(\log^{1/12} n)}$. Furthermore, on general graphs our reduction improves the runtime from $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(\log^3 n)$ to $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(\log^{5/3} n)$. In addition, we also obtain an optimal $\mathcal{O}(\log \log n)$-round randomized reduction of $(2Δ- 2)$-edge coloring to $(2Δ- 1)$-edge coloring. Lastly, we obtain an $\mathcal{O}(\log_Δn)$-round reduction from the $(2Δ-1)$-edge coloring, albeit to the somewhat harder maximal independent set (MIS) problem.
title Towards Optimal Distributed Edge Coloring with Fewer Colors
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.13003