X-Teaming: Multi-Turn Jailbreaks and Defenses with Adaptive Multi-Agents

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Rahman, Salman, Jiang, Liwei, Shiffer, James, Liu, Genglin, Issaka, Sheriff, Parvez, Md Rizwan, Palangi, Hamid, Chang, Kai-Wei, Choi, Yejin, Gabriel, Saadia
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Rahman, Salman
Jiang, Liwei
Shiffer, James
Liu, Genglin
Issaka, Sheriff
Parvez, Md Rizwan
Palangi, Hamid
Chang, Kai-Wei
Choi, Yejin
Gabriel, Saadia
author_facet Rahman, Salman
Jiang, Liwei
Shiffer, James
Liu, Genglin
Issaka, Sheriff
Parvez, Md Rizwan
Palangi, Hamid
Chang, Kai-Wei
Choi, Yejin
Gabriel, Saadia
contents Multi-turn interactions with language models (LMs) pose critical safety risks, as harmful intent can be strategically spread across exchanges. Yet, the vast majority of prior work has focused on single-turn safety, while adaptability and diversity remain among the key challenges of multi-turn red-teaming. To address these challenges, we present X-Teaming, a scalable framework that systematically explores how seemingly harmless interactions escalate into harmful outcomes and generates corresponding attack scenarios. X-Teaming employs collaborative agents for planning, attack optimization, and verification, achieving state-of-the-art multi-turn jailbreak effectiveness and diversity with success rates up to 98.1% across representative leading open-weight and closed-source models. In particular, X-Teaming achieves a 96.2% attack success rate against the latest Claude 3.7 Sonnet model, which has been considered nearly immune to single-turn attacks. Building on X-Teaming, we introduce XGuard-Train, an open-source multi-turn safety training dataset that is 20x larger than the previous best resource, comprising 30K interactive jailbreaks, designed to enable robust multi-turn safety alignment for LMs. Our work offers essential tools and insights for mitigating sophisticated conversational attacks, advancing the multi-turn safety of LMs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_13203
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle X-Teaming: Multi-Turn Jailbreaks and Defenses with Adaptive Multi-Agents
Rahman, Salman
Jiang, Liwei
Shiffer, James
Liu, Genglin
Issaka, Sheriff
Parvez, Md Rizwan
Palangi, Hamid
Chang, Kai-Wei
Choi, Yejin
Gabriel, Saadia
Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
Multiagent Systems
Multi-turn interactions with language models (LMs) pose critical safety risks, as harmful intent can be strategically spread across exchanges. Yet, the vast majority of prior work has focused on single-turn safety, while adaptability and diversity remain among the key challenges of multi-turn red-teaming. To address these challenges, we present X-Teaming, a scalable framework that systematically explores how seemingly harmless interactions escalate into harmful outcomes and generates corresponding attack scenarios. X-Teaming employs collaborative agents for planning, attack optimization, and verification, achieving state-of-the-art multi-turn jailbreak effectiveness and diversity with success rates up to 98.1% across representative leading open-weight and closed-source models. In particular, X-Teaming achieves a 96.2% attack success rate against the latest Claude 3.7 Sonnet model, which has been considered nearly immune to single-turn attacks. Building on X-Teaming, we introduce XGuard-Train, an open-source multi-turn safety training dataset that is 20x larger than the previous best resource, comprising 30K interactive jailbreaks, designed to enable robust multi-turn safety alignment for LMs. Our work offers essential tools and insights for mitigating sophisticated conversational attacks, advancing the multi-turn safety of LMs.
title X-Teaming: Multi-Turn Jailbreaks and Defenses with Adaptive Multi-Agents
topic Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
Multiagent Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.13203