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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14189 |
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| _version_ | 1866912337151131648 |
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| author | Lian, Ming Niu, Jia-Shu Xue, Hui-Fang |
| author_facet | Lian, Ming Niu, Jia-Shu Xue, Hui-Fang |
| contents | In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the SX Phoenicis (SX Phe) type star CY Aquarii (CY Aqr). Our investigation included a detailed $O-C$ analysis based on a 90-year observational dataset, augmented by 1,367 newly determined times of maximum light. The $O-C$ diagram reveals that (i) the primary star of CY Aqr exhibits a linear period variation rate of $(1/P_0)(\mathrm{d} P/ \mathrm{d} t) = (2.132 \pm 0.002) \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ for its dominant pulsation mode; (ii) the primary star is disturbed by two companions and part of a triple system; (iii) Companion A has an orbital period of approximately 60.2 years and Companion B has an orbital period of approximately 50.8 years. It is highly probable that both Companion A and B are white dwarfs, with Companion A's elliptical orbit displaying an eccentricity of $e = 0.139 \pm 0.002$, which is the lowest confirmed value in similar binary and triple systems to date. Most notably, Companion A and B have masses that are identical within the uncertainties, with a mass ratio exceeding 0.99. Whether this is considered a coincidental event or the result of an underlying mechanism, CY Aqr is an exceptionally rare case that broadens our understanding of multiple star systems and offers a unique opportunity to delve into the enigmatic evolutionary histories of such configurations. Further intriguing characteristics of this system warrant investigation in future studies, based on additional observational data. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_14189 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | CY Aquarii: A Triple System with Twin Companions Lian, Ming Niu, Jia-Shu Xue, Hui-Fang Solar and Stellar Astrophysics In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the SX Phoenicis (SX Phe) type star CY Aquarii (CY Aqr). Our investigation included a detailed $O-C$ analysis based on a 90-year observational dataset, augmented by 1,367 newly determined times of maximum light. The $O-C$ diagram reveals that (i) the primary star of CY Aqr exhibits a linear period variation rate of $(1/P_0)(\mathrm{d} P/ \mathrm{d} t) = (2.132 \pm 0.002) \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ for its dominant pulsation mode; (ii) the primary star is disturbed by two companions and part of a triple system; (iii) Companion A has an orbital period of approximately 60.2 years and Companion B has an orbital period of approximately 50.8 years. It is highly probable that both Companion A and B are white dwarfs, with Companion A's elliptical orbit displaying an eccentricity of $e = 0.139 \pm 0.002$, which is the lowest confirmed value in similar binary and triple systems to date. Most notably, Companion A and B have masses that are identical within the uncertainties, with a mass ratio exceeding 0.99. Whether this is considered a coincidental event or the result of an underlying mechanism, CY Aqr is an exceptionally rare case that broadens our understanding of multiple star systems and offers a unique opportunity to delve into the enigmatic evolutionary histories of such configurations. Further intriguing characteristics of this system warrant investigation in future studies, based on additional observational data. |
| title | CY Aquarii: A Triple System with Twin Companions |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14189 |