SWE-Synth: Synthesizing Verifiable Bug-Fix Data to Enable Large Language Models in Resolving Real-World Bugs

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Main Authors: Pham, Minh V. T., Phan, Huy N., Phan, Hoang N., Chi, Cuong Le, Nguyen, Tien N., Bui, Nghi D. Q.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Pham, Minh V. T.
Phan, Huy N.
Phan, Hoang N.
Chi, Cuong Le
Nguyen, Tien N.
Bui, Nghi D. Q.
author_facet Pham, Minh V. T.
Phan, Huy N.
Phan, Hoang N.
Chi, Cuong Le
Nguyen, Tien N.
Bui, Nghi D. Q.
contents Large language models (LLMs) are transforming automated program repair (APR) through agent-based approaches that localize bugs, generate patches, and verify fixes. However, the lack of high-quality, scalable training datasets, especially those with verifiable outputs and intermediate reasoning traces-limits progress, particularly for open-source models. In this work, we present SWE-Synth, a framework for synthesizing realistic, verifiable, and process-aware bug-fix datasets at the repository level. SWE-Synth leverages LLM agents to simulate debugging workflows, producing not only bug-fix pairs but also test cases and structured repair trajectories. Compared to manually curated datasets, our method scales with minimal human effort while preserving contextual richness and correctness. Experiments show that models trained on SWE-Synth outperform those trained on real-world datasets by 2.3% on SWE-Bench Lite. Our results highlight the potential of synthetic, agent-generated data to advance the state of the art in APR and software engineering automation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_14757
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SWE-Synth: Synthesizing Verifiable Bug-Fix Data to Enable Large Language Models in Resolving Real-World Bugs
Pham, Minh V. T.
Phan, Huy N.
Phan, Hoang N.
Chi, Cuong Le
Nguyen, Tien N.
Bui, Nghi D. Q.
Software Engineering
Artificial Intelligence
Large language models (LLMs) are transforming automated program repair (APR) through agent-based approaches that localize bugs, generate patches, and verify fixes. However, the lack of high-quality, scalable training datasets, especially those with verifiable outputs and intermediate reasoning traces-limits progress, particularly for open-source models. In this work, we present SWE-Synth, a framework for synthesizing realistic, verifiable, and process-aware bug-fix datasets at the repository level. SWE-Synth leverages LLM agents to simulate debugging workflows, producing not only bug-fix pairs but also test cases and structured repair trajectories. Compared to manually curated datasets, our method scales with minimal human effort while preserving contextual richness and correctness. Experiments show that models trained on SWE-Synth outperform those trained on real-world datasets by 2.3% on SWE-Bench Lite. Our results highlight the potential of synthetic, agent-generated data to advance the state of the art in APR and software engineering automation.
title SWE-Synth: Synthesizing Verifiable Bug-Fix Data to Enable Large Language Models in Resolving Real-World Bugs
topic Software Engineering
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14757