Quantum phase discrimination with applications to quantum search on graphs

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Li, Guanzhong, Li, Lvzhou, Luo, Jingquan
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Li, Guanzhong
Li, Lvzhou
Luo, Jingquan
author_facet Li, Guanzhong
Li, Lvzhou
Luo, Jingquan
contents We study the phase discrimination problem, in which we want to decide whether the eigenphase $θ\in(-π,π]$ of a given eigenstate $|ψ\rangle$ with eigenvalue $e^{iθ}$ is zero or not, using applications of the unitary $U$ provided as a black box oracle.We propose a quantum algorithm named {\it quantum phase discrimination(QPD)} for this task, with optimal query complexity $Θ(\frac{1}λ\log\frac{1}δ)$ to the oracle $U$, where $λ$ is the gap between zero and non-zero eigenphases and $δ$ the allowed one-sided error. The quantum circuit is simple, consisting of only one ancillary qubit and a sequence of controlled-$U$ interleaved with single qubit $Y$ rotations, whose angles are given by a simple analytical formula. Quantum phase discrimination could become a fundamental subroutine in other quantum algorithms, as we present two applications to quantum search on graphs: i) Spatial search on graphs. Inspired by the structure of QPD, we propose a new quantum walk model, and based on them we tackle the spatial search problem, obtaining a novel quantum search algorithm. For any graph with any number of marked vertices, the quantum algorithm that can find a marked vertex with probability $Ω(1)$ in total evolution time $ O(\frac{1}{λ\sqrt{\varepsilon}})$ and query complexity $ O(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon}})$, where $λ$ is the gap between the zero and non-zero eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian and $\varepsilon$ is a lower bound on the proportion of marked vertices. ii) Path-finding on graphs.} By using QPD, we reduce the query complexity of a path-finding algorithm proposed by Li and Zur [arxiv: 2311.07372] from $\tilde{O}(n^{11})$ to $\tilde{O}(n^8)$, in a welded-tree circuit graph with $Θ(n2^n)$ vertices. Besides these two applications, we argue that more quantum algorithms might benefit from QPD.
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publishDate 2025
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spellingShingle Quantum phase discrimination with applications to quantum search on graphs
Li, Guanzhong
Li, Lvzhou
Luo, Jingquan
Quantum Physics
We study the phase discrimination problem, in which we want to decide whether the eigenphase $θ\in(-π,π]$ of a given eigenstate $|ψ\rangle$ with eigenvalue $e^{iθ}$ is zero or not, using applications of the unitary $U$ provided as a black box oracle.We propose a quantum algorithm named {\it quantum phase discrimination(QPD)} for this task, with optimal query complexity $Θ(\frac{1}λ\log\frac{1}δ)$ to the oracle $U$, where $λ$ is the gap between zero and non-zero eigenphases and $δ$ the allowed one-sided error. The quantum circuit is simple, consisting of only one ancillary qubit and a sequence of controlled-$U$ interleaved with single qubit $Y$ rotations, whose angles are given by a simple analytical formula. Quantum phase discrimination could become a fundamental subroutine in other quantum algorithms, as we present two applications to quantum search on graphs: i) Spatial search on graphs. Inspired by the structure of QPD, we propose a new quantum walk model, and based on them we tackle the spatial search problem, obtaining a novel quantum search algorithm. For any graph with any number of marked vertices, the quantum algorithm that can find a marked vertex with probability $Ω(1)$ in total evolution time $ O(\frac{1}{λ\sqrt{\varepsilon}})$ and query complexity $ O(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon}})$, where $λ$ is the gap between the zero and non-zero eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian and $\varepsilon$ is a lower bound on the proportion of marked vertices. ii) Path-finding on graphs.} By using QPD, we reduce the query complexity of a path-finding algorithm proposed by Li and Zur [arxiv: 2311.07372] from $\tilde{O}(n^{11})$ to $\tilde{O}(n^8)$, in a welded-tree circuit graph with $Θ(n2^n)$ vertices. Besides these two applications, we argue that more quantum algorithms might benefit from QPD.
title Quantum phase discrimination with applications to quantum search on graphs
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15194