Probing the octupole deformation of $^{238}$U in high-energy nuclear collisions
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Zhang, Chunjian Jia, Jiangyong Chen, Jinhui Shen, Chun Liu, Lumeng |
| author_facet | Zhang, Chunjian Jia, Jiangyong Chen, Jinhui Shen, Chun Liu, Lumeng |
| contents | Some atomic nuclei exhibit ``pear" shapes arising from octupole deformation ($β_3$), though direct experimental evidences for such exotic shapes remains scarce. Low-energy model studies suggest $^{238}$U may have a modest octupole deformation arising from collective vibrational degrees of freedom, in addition to a large prolate shape. We investigated the impact of this modest octupole shape on observables involving triangular flow ($v_3$) in high-energy nuclear collisions. Using a hydrodynamic framework, we show $v_3$ and its correlation with mean transverse momentum, $\langle v_3^2 δp_{\rm{T}} \rangle$, exhibit strong sensitivity to $β_3$. We found that $\langle v_3^2\rangle$ follows a linear increase with $β_3^2$, while the characteristic anticorrelation in $\langle v_3^2 δp_{\rm{T}} \rangle$ shows a pronounced $β_3$-dependent suppression. Our findings demonstrate that the collective-flow-assisted nuclear imaging method in high-energy nuclear collisions, when compared with experimental data, can provide unique quantitative constraints on higher-order deformations. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_15245 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Probing the octupole deformation of $^{238}$U in high-energy nuclear collisions Zhang, Chunjian Jia, Jiangyong Chen, Jinhui Shen, Chun Liu, Lumeng Nuclear Theory Nuclear Experiment Some atomic nuclei exhibit ``pear" shapes arising from octupole deformation ($β_3$), though direct experimental evidences for such exotic shapes remains scarce. Low-energy model studies suggest $^{238}$U may have a modest octupole deformation arising from collective vibrational degrees of freedom, in addition to a large prolate shape. We investigated the impact of this modest octupole shape on observables involving triangular flow ($v_3$) in high-energy nuclear collisions. Using a hydrodynamic framework, we show $v_3$ and its correlation with mean transverse momentum, $\langle v_3^2 δp_{\rm{T}} \rangle$, exhibit strong sensitivity to $β_3$. We found that $\langle v_3^2\rangle$ follows a linear increase with $β_3^2$, while the characteristic anticorrelation in $\langle v_3^2 δp_{\rm{T}} \rangle$ shows a pronounced $β_3$-dependent suppression. Our findings demonstrate that the collective-flow-assisted nuclear imaging method in high-energy nuclear collisions, when compared with experimental data, can provide unique quantitative constraints on higher-order deformations. |
| title | Probing the octupole deformation of $^{238}$U in high-energy nuclear collisions |
| topic | Nuclear Theory Nuclear Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15245 |