Discovering $μ$Hz gravitational waves and ultra-light dark matter with binary resonances

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Foster, Joshua W., Blas, Diego, Bourgoin, Adrien, Hees, Aurelien, Herrero-Valea, Míriam, Jenkins, Alexander C., Xue, Xiao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866909588040712192
author Foster, Joshua W.
Blas, Diego
Bourgoin, Adrien
Hees, Aurelien
Herrero-Valea, Míriam
Jenkins, Alexander C.
Xue, Xiao
author_facet Foster, Joshua W.
Blas, Diego
Bourgoin, Adrien
Hees, Aurelien
Herrero-Valea, Míriam
Jenkins, Alexander C.
Xue, Xiao
contents In the presence of a weak gravitational wave (GW) background, astrophysical binary systems act as high-quality resonators, with efficient transfer of energy and momentum between the orbit and a harmonic GW leading to potentially detectable orbital perturbations. In this work, we develop and apply a novel modeling and analysis framework that describes the imprints of GWs on binary systems in a fully time-resolved manner to study the sensitivity of lunar laser ranging, satellite laser ranging, and pulsar timing to both resonant and nonresonant GW backgrounds. We demonstrate that optimal data collection, modeling, and analysis lead to projected sensitivities which are orders of magnitude better than previously appreciated possible, opening up a new possibility for probing the physics-rich but notoriously challenging to access $μ\mathrm{Hz}$ frequency GWs. We also discuss improved prospects for the detection of the stochastic fluctuations of ultra-light dark matter, which may analogously perturb the binary orbits.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_15334
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Discovering $μ$Hz gravitational waves and ultra-light dark matter with binary resonances
Foster, Joshua W.
Blas, Diego
Bourgoin, Adrien
Hees, Aurelien
Herrero-Valea, Míriam
Jenkins, Alexander C.
Xue, Xiao
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
In the presence of a weak gravitational wave (GW) background, astrophysical binary systems act as high-quality resonators, with efficient transfer of energy and momentum between the orbit and a harmonic GW leading to potentially detectable orbital perturbations. In this work, we develop and apply a novel modeling and analysis framework that describes the imprints of GWs on binary systems in a fully time-resolved manner to study the sensitivity of lunar laser ranging, satellite laser ranging, and pulsar timing to both resonant and nonresonant GW backgrounds. We demonstrate that optimal data collection, modeling, and analysis lead to projected sensitivities which are orders of magnitude better than previously appreciated possible, opening up a new possibility for probing the physics-rich but notoriously challenging to access $μ\mathrm{Hz}$ frequency GWs. We also discuss improved prospects for the detection of the stochastic fluctuations of ultra-light dark matter, which may analogously perturb the binary orbits.
title Discovering $μ$Hz gravitational waves and ultra-light dark matter with binary resonances
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15334