Cosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2$σ$+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing Anomaly
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Choudhury, Shouvik Roy |
| author_facet | Choudhury, Shouvik Roy |
| contents | We obtain constraints in a 12 parameter cosmological model using the recent Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Data Release (DR) 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data, combined with cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra (Planck Public Release, PR, 4) and lensing (Planck PR4 + Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release (DR) 6) data, uncalibrated Type Ia Supernovae (SNe) data from Pantheon+ and Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 5 (DESY5) samples, and Weak Lensing (WL: DES Year 1) data. The cosmological model consists of six $Λ$CDM parameters, and additionally, the dynamical dark energy parameters ($w_0$, $w_a$), the sum of neutrino masses ($\sum m_ν$), the effective number of non-photon radiation species ($N_{\rm eff}$), the scaling of the lensing amplitude ($A_{\rm lens}$), and the running of the scalar spectral index ($α_s$). Our major findings are the following: i) With CMB+BAO+DESY5+WL, we obtain the first 2$σ$+ detection of a nonzero $\sum m_ν = 0.19^{+0.15}_{-0.18}$ eV (95%). Replacing DESY5 with Pantheon+ still yields a $\sim$1.9$σ$ detection. ii) The cosmological constant lies at the edge of the 95% contour with CMB+BAO+Pantheon+, but is excluded at 2$σ$+ with DESY5, leaving evidence for dynamical dark energy dataset-dependent and inconclusive. iii) With CMB+BAO+SNe+WL, $A_{\rm lens} = 1$ is excluded at $>2σ$, while it remains consistent with unity without WL data - suggesting that the existence of lensing anomaly with Planck PR4 likelihoods may depend on non-CMB datasets. iv) The Hubble tension persists at 3.6-4.2$σ$ with CMB+BAO+SNe; WL data has minimal impact. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_15340 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2$σ$+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing Anomaly Choudhury, Shouvik Roy Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We obtain constraints in a 12 parameter cosmological model using the recent Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Data Release (DR) 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data, combined with cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra (Planck Public Release, PR, 4) and lensing (Planck PR4 + Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release (DR) 6) data, uncalibrated Type Ia Supernovae (SNe) data from Pantheon+ and Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 5 (DESY5) samples, and Weak Lensing (WL: DES Year 1) data. The cosmological model consists of six $Λ$CDM parameters, and additionally, the dynamical dark energy parameters ($w_0$, $w_a$), the sum of neutrino masses ($\sum m_ν$), the effective number of non-photon radiation species ($N_{\rm eff}$), the scaling of the lensing amplitude ($A_{\rm lens}$), and the running of the scalar spectral index ($α_s$). Our major findings are the following: i) With CMB+BAO+DESY5+WL, we obtain the first 2$σ$+ detection of a nonzero $\sum m_ν = 0.19^{+0.15}_{-0.18}$ eV (95%). Replacing DESY5 with Pantheon+ still yields a $\sim$1.9$σ$ detection. ii) The cosmological constant lies at the edge of the 95% contour with CMB+BAO+Pantheon+, but is excluded at 2$σ$+ with DESY5, leaving evidence for dynamical dark energy dataset-dependent and inconclusive. iii) With CMB+BAO+SNe+WL, $A_{\rm lens} = 1$ is excluded at $>2σ$, while it remains consistent with unity without WL data - suggesting that the existence of lensing anomaly with Planck PR4 likelihoods may depend on non-CMB datasets. iv) The Hubble tension persists at 3.6-4.2$σ$ with CMB+BAO+SNe; WL data has minimal impact. |
| title | Cosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2$σ$+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing Anomaly |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15340 |