Antenna Technology Readiness for the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) Mission

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Main Authors: Sridharan, T. K., Lehmensiek, R., Schwarz, S., Marrone, D. P.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Sridharan, T. K.
Lehmensiek, R.
Schwarz, S.
Marrone, D. P.
author_facet Sridharan, T. K.
Lehmensiek, R.
Schwarz, S.
Marrone, D. P.
contents The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) will be the first sub-mm wavelength Space Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) mission. It targets astronomical imaging with the highest ever spatial resolution to enable detection of the photon ring of a supermassive black hole. BHEX is being proposed for launch in 2031 as a NASA Small Explorers mission. BHEX science goals and mission opportunity require a high precision lightweight spaceborne antenna. A survey of the technology landscape for realizing such an antenna is presented. Technology readiness (TRL) for the antenna is discussed and assessed to be at TRL 5. An update on our technology maturation efforts is provided. Design studies leading to the conceptual design of a metallized carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) technology based antenna with a mass of only $\dim 50$ kg, incorporating a 3.4 m primary reflector with a surface precision of < 40 $μ$m to allow efficient operation up to 320 GHz are outlined. Current plans anticipate attaining TRL6 in 2026 for the BHEX antenna. Completed design studies point to a large margin in surface precision which opens up opportunities for applications beyond BHEX, at significantly higher THz frequencies.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_15560
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Antenna Technology Readiness for the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) Mission
Sridharan, T. K.
Lehmensiek, R.
Schwarz, S.
Marrone, D. P.
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) will be the first sub-mm wavelength Space Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) mission. It targets astronomical imaging with the highest ever spatial resolution to enable detection of the photon ring of a supermassive black hole. BHEX is being proposed for launch in 2031 as a NASA Small Explorers mission. BHEX science goals and mission opportunity require a high precision lightweight spaceborne antenna. A survey of the technology landscape for realizing such an antenna is presented. Technology readiness (TRL) for the antenna is discussed and assessed to be at TRL 5. An update on our technology maturation efforts is provided. Design studies leading to the conceptual design of a metallized carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) technology based antenna with a mass of only $\dim 50$ kg, incorporating a 3.4 m primary reflector with a surface precision of < 40 $μ$m to allow efficient operation up to 320 GHz are outlined. Current plans anticipate attaining TRL6 in 2026 for the BHEX antenna. Completed design studies point to a large margin in surface precision which opens up opportunities for applications beyond BHEX, at significantly higher THz frequencies.
title Antenna Technology Readiness for the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) Mission
topic Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15560