Tina: Tiny Reasoning Models via LoRA

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Shangshang, Asilis, Julian, Akgül, Ömer Faruk, Bilgin, Enes Burak, Liu, Ollie, Neiswanger, Willie
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wang, Shangshang
Asilis, Julian
Akgül, Ömer Faruk
Bilgin, Enes Burak
Liu, Ollie
Neiswanger, Willie
author_facet Wang, Shangshang
Asilis, Julian
Akgül, Ömer Faruk
Bilgin, Enes Burak
Liu, Ollie
Neiswanger, Willie
contents How cost-effectively can strong reasoning abilities be achieved in language models? Driven by this fundamental question, we present Tina, a family of tiny reasoning models achieved with high cost-efficiency. Notably, Tina demonstrates that substantial reasoning performance can be developed using only minimal resources, by applying parameter-efficient updates during reinforcement learning (RL), using low-rank adaptation (LoRA), to an already tiny 1.5B parameter base model. This minimalist approach produces models that achieve reasoning performance which is competitive with, and sometimes surpasses, SOTA RL reasoning models built upon the same base model. Crucially, this is achieved at a tiny fraction of the computational post-training cost employed by existing SOTA models. In fact, the best Tina model achieves a >20\% reasoning performance increase and 43.33\% Pass@1 accuracy on AIME24, at only \$9 USD post-training and evaluation cost (i.e., an estimated 260x cost reduction). Our work reveals the surprising effectiveness of efficient RL reasoning via LoRA. We validate this across multiple open-source reasoning datasets and various ablation settings starting with a single, fixed set of hyperparameters. Furthermore, we hypothesize that this effectiveness and efficiency stem from LoRA rapidly adapting the model to the structural format of reasoning rewarded by RL, while largely preserving the base model's underlying knowledge. In service of accessibility and open research, we fully open-source all code, training logs, and model weights \& checkpoints.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_15777
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Tina: Tiny Reasoning Models via LoRA
Wang, Shangshang
Asilis, Julian
Akgül, Ömer Faruk
Bilgin, Enes Burak
Liu, Ollie
Neiswanger, Willie
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
How cost-effectively can strong reasoning abilities be achieved in language models? Driven by this fundamental question, we present Tina, a family of tiny reasoning models achieved with high cost-efficiency. Notably, Tina demonstrates that substantial reasoning performance can be developed using only minimal resources, by applying parameter-efficient updates during reinforcement learning (RL), using low-rank adaptation (LoRA), to an already tiny 1.5B parameter base model. This minimalist approach produces models that achieve reasoning performance which is competitive with, and sometimes surpasses, SOTA RL reasoning models built upon the same base model. Crucially, this is achieved at a tiny fraction of the computational post-training cost employed by existing SOTA models. In fact, the best Tina model achieves a >20\% reasoning performance increase and 43.33\% Pass@1 accuracy on AIME24, at only \$9 USD post-training and evaluation cost (i.e., an estimated 260x cost reduction). Our work reveals the surprising effectiveness of efficient RL reasoning via LoRA. We validate this across multiple open-source reasoning datasets and various ablation settings starting with a single, fixed set of hyperparameters. Furthermore, we hypothesize that this effectiveness and efficiency stem from LoRA rapidly adapting the model to the structural format of reasoning rewarded by RL, while largely preserving the base model's underlying knowledge. In service of accessibility and open research, we fully open-source all code, training logs, and model weights \& checkpoints.
title Tina: Tiny Reasoning Models via LoRA
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15777