MS-Occ: Multi-Stage LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wei, Zhiqiang, Zheng, Lianqing, Liu, Jianan, Huang, Tao, Han, Qing-Long, Zhang, Wenwen, Zhang, Fengdeng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wei, Zhiqiang
Zheng, Lianqing
Liu, Jianan
Huang, Tao
Han, Qing-Long
Zhang, Wenwen
Zhang, Fengdeng
author_facet Wei, Zhiqiang
Zheng, Lianqing
Liu, Jianan
Huang, Tao
Han, Qing-Long
Zhang, Wenwen
Zhang, Fengdeng
contents Accurate 3D semantic occupancy perception is essential for autonomous driving in complex environments with diverse and irregular objects. While vision-centric methods suffer from geometric inaccuracies, LiDAR-based approaches often lack rich semantic information. To address these limitations, MS-Occ, a novel multi-stage LiDAR-camera fusion framework which includes middle-stage fusion and late-stage fusion, is proposed, integrating LiDAR's geometric fidelity with camera-based semantic richness via hierarchical cross-modal fusion. The framework introduces innovations at two critical stages: (1) In the middle-stage feature fusion, the Gaussian-Geo module leverages Gaussian kernel rendering on sparse LiDAR depth maps to enhance 2D image features with dense geometric priors, and the Semantic-Aware module enriches LiDAR voxels with semantic context via deformable cross-attention; (2) In the late-stage voxel fusion, the Adaptive Fusion (AF) module dynamically balances voxel features across modalities, while the High Classification Confidence Voxel Fusion (HCCVF) module resolves semantic inconsistencies using self-attention-based refinement. Experiments on two large-scale benchmarks demonstrate state-of-the-art performance. On nuScenes-OpenOccupancy, MS-Occ achieves an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 32.1% and a mean IoU (mIoU) of 25.3%, surpassing the state-of-the-art by +0.7% IoU and +2.4% mIoU. Furthermore, on the SemanticKITTI benchmark, our method achieves a new state-of-the-art mIoU of 24.08%, robustly validating its generalization capabilities.Ablation studies further confirm the effectiveness of each individual module, highlighting substantial improvements in the perception of small objects and reinforcing the practical value of MS-Occ for safety-critical autonomous driving scenarios.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_15888
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MS-Occ: Multi-Stage LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction
Wei, Zhiqiang
Zheng, Lianqing
Liu, Jianan
Huang, Tao
Han, Qing-Long
Zhang, Wenwen
Zhang, Fengdeng
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Accurate 3D semantic occupancy perception is essential for autonomous driving in complex environments with diverse and irregular objects. While vision-centric methods suffer from geometric inaccuracies, LiDAR-based approaches often lack rich semantic information. To address these limitations, MS-Occ, a novel multi-stage LiDAR-camera fusion framework which includes middle-stage fusion and late-stage fusion, is proposed, integrating LiDAR's geometric fidelity with camera-based semantic richness via hierarchical cross-modal fusion. The framework introduces innovations at two critical stages: (1) In the middle-stage feature fusion, the Gaussian-Geo module leverages Gaussian kernel rendering on sparse LiDAR depth maps to enhance 2D image features with dense geometric priors, and the Semantic-Aware module enriches LiDAR voxels with semantic context via deformable cross-attention; (2) In the late-stage voxel fusion, the Adaptive Fusion (AF) module dynamically balances voxel features across modalities, while the High Classification Confidence Voxel Fusion (HCCVF) module resolves semantic inconsistencies using self-attention-based refinement. Experiments on two large-scale benchmarks demonstrate state-of-the-art performance. On nuScenes-OpenOccupancy, MS-Occ achieves an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 32.1% and a mean IoU (mIoU) of 25.3%, surpassing the state-of-the-art by +0.7% IoU and +2.4% mIoU. Furthermore, on the SemanticKITTI benchmark, our method achieves a new state-of-the-art mIoU of 24.08%, robustly validating its generalization capabilities.Ablation studies further confirm the effectiveness of each individual module, highlighting substantial improvements in the perception of small objects and reinforcing the practical value of MS-Occ for safety-critical autonomous driving scenarios.
title MS-Occ: Multi-Stage LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15888