Self-Balancing, Memory Efficient, Dynamic Metric Space Data Maintenance, for Rapid Multi-Kernel Estimation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Ellendula, Aditya S, Bajaj, Chandrajit
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Ellendula, Aditya S
Bajaj, Chandrajit
author_facet Ellendula, Aditya S
Bajaj, Chandrajit
contents We present a dynamic self-balancing octree data structure that enables efficient neighborhood maintenance in evolving metric spaces, a key challenge in modern machine learning systems. Many learning and generative models operate as dynamical systems whose representations evolve during training, requiring fast, adaptive spatial organization. Our two-parameter octree supports logarithmic-time updates and queries, eliminating the need for costly full rebuilds as data distributions shift. We demonstrate its effectiveness in four areas: (1) accelerating Stein variational gradient descent by supporting more particles with lower overhead; (2) enabling real-time, incremental KNN classification with logarithmic complexity; (3) facilitating efficient, dynamic indexing and retrieval for retrieval-augmented generation; and (4) improving sample efficiency by jointly optimizing input and latent spaces. Across all applications, our approach yields exponential speedups while preserving accuracy, particularly in high-dimensional spaces where maintaining adaptive spatial structure is critical.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_18003
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Self-Balancing, Memory Efficient, Dynamic Metric Space Data Maintenance, for Rapid Multi-Kernel Estimation
Ellendula, Aditya S
Bajaj, Chandrajit
Machine Learning
We present a dynamic self-balancing octree data structure that enables efficient neighborhood maintenance in evolving metric spaces, a key challenge in modern machine learning systems. Many learning and generative models operate as dynamical systems whose representations evolve during training, requiring fast, adaptive spatial organization. Our two-parameter octree supports logarithmic-time updates and queries, eliminating the need for costly full rebuilds as data distributions shift. We demonstrate its effectiveness in four areas: (1) accelerating Stein variational gradient descent by supporting more particles with lower overhead; (2) enabling real-time, incremental KNN classification with logarithmic complexity; (3) facilitating efficient, dynamic indexing and retrieval for retrieval-augmented generation; and (4) improving sample efficiency by jointly optimizing input and latent spaces. Across all applications, our approach yields exponential speedups while preserving accuracy, particularly in high-dimensional spaces where maintaining adaptive spatial structure is critical.
title Self-Balancing, Memory Efficient, Dynamic Metric Space Data Maintenance, for Rapid Multi-Kernel Estimation
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18003