An e-MERLIN & EVN radio counterpart to the ultraluminous X-ray source M82 X-1
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Williams-Baldwin, D. Muxlow, T. W. B. Lucatelli, G. Beswick, R. J. |
| author_facet | Williams-Baldwin, D. Muxlow, T. W. B. Lucatelli, G. Beswick, R. J. |
| contents | Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are X-ray bright (L$_{\rm X-ray} >$3$\times$10$^{39}$erg s$^{-1}$) extra-galactic objects that are powered by either neutron stars, or stellar or intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) but few have been detected in the radio waveband. In the nearby galaxy M82, the brightest ULX - M82 X$-$1, is thought to be associated with an IMBH but to date does not have a radio counterpart. We present deep wide-band reprocessed e-MERLIN images observed in 2015 May with an r.m.s. sensitivity of 7$μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$ and report the discovery of a new radio source with an integrated flux of S$_{\rm ν=4.88\,GHz}$ = 174$\pm$15$μ$Jy, which is spatially co-incident with the Chandra X-ray position of M82 X$-$1. This source is not detected in archival MERLIN/e-MERLIN observations in the last three decades. A search for intra-observation variability in the 2015 e-MERLIN data was inconclusive, but a comparison with 1.5 GHz e-MERLIN observations taken a week prior yielded no detection. We also detect the source at the same position with milliarcsecond angular resolution in EVN+e-MERLIN data from 2021 March at 53$\pm$10$μ$Jy. The radio source position is ICRF J2000 RA: 09$^{h}$55$^{m}$50.1172$^{s}$, Dec: +69$^{\circ}$40'46.606" ($\pm$1.5 mas). These radio fluxes are consistent with other radio-detected ULXs on the radio:X-ray plane and points towards a stellar/intermediate-mass black hole. The black hole mass inferred by the `fundamental plane of black hole activity' is 2650 M$_{\odot}$, but this value remains highly uncertain. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_18217 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | An e-MERLIN & EVN radio counterpart to the ultraluminous X-ray source M82 X-1 Williams-Baldwin, D. Muxlow, T. W. B. Lucatelli, G. Beswick, R. J. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are X-ray bright (L$_{\rm X-ray} >$3$\times$10$^{39}$erg s$^{-1}$) extra-galactic objects that are powered by either neutron stars, or stellar or intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) but few have been detected in the radio waveband. In the nearby galaxy M82, the brightest ULX - M82 X$-$1, is thought to be associated with an IMBH but to date does not have a radio counterpart. We present deep wide-band reprocessed e-MERLIN images observed in 2015 May with an r.m.s. sensitivity of 7$μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$ and report the discovery of a new radio source with an integrated flux of S$_{\rm ν=4.88\,GHz}$ = 174$\pm$15$μ$Jy, which is spatially co-incident with the Chandra X-ray position of M82 X$-$1. This source is not detected in archival MERLIN/e-MERLIN observations in the last three decades. A search for intra-observation variability in the 2015 e-MERLIN data was inconclusive, but a comparison with 1.5 GHz e-MERLIN observations taken a week prior yielded no detection. We also detect the source at the same position with milliarcsecond angular resolution in EVN+e-MERLIN data from 2021 March at 53$\pm$10$μ$Jy. The radio source position is ICRF J2000 RA: 09$^{h}$55$^{m}$50.1172$^{s}$, Dec: +69$^{\circ}$40'46.606" ($\pm$1.5 mas). These radio fluxes are consistent with other radio-detected ULXs on the radio:X-ray plane and points towards a stellar/intermediate-mass black hole. The black hole mass inferred by the `fundamental plane of black hole activity' is 2650 M$_{\odot}$, but this value remains highly uncertain. |
| title | An e-MERLIN & EVN radio counterpart to the ultraluminous X-ray source M82 X-1 |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18217 |