exoALMA VII: Benchmarking Hydrodynamics and Radiative Transfer Codes
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Bae, Jaehan Flock, Mario Izquierdo, Andres Kanagawa, Kazuhiro Ono, Tomohiro Pinte, Christophe Price, Daniel J. Rosotti, Giovanni P. Wafflard-Fernandez, Gaylor Lesur, Geoffroy Masset, Frederic Andrews, Sean M. Barrasa-Alfaro, Marcelo Benisty, Myriam Cataldi, Gianni Cuello, Nicolas Curone, Pietro Czekala, Ian Hammond, Iain Huang, Jane Lodato, Giuseppe Longarini, Cristiano Stadler, Jochen Teague, Richard Wilner, David Winter, Andrew Wolfer, Lisa Yoshida, Tomohiro C. |
| author_facet | Bae, Jaehan Flock, Mario Izquierdo, Andres Kanagawa, Kazuhiro Ono, Tomohiro Pinte, Christophe Price, Daniel J. Rosotti, Giovanni P. Wafflard-Fernandez, Gaylor Lesur, Geoffroy Masset, Frederic Andrews, Sean M. Barrasa-Alfaro, Marcelo Benisty, Myriam Cataldi, Gianni Cuello, Nicolas Curone, Pietro Czekala, Ian Hammond, Iain Huang, Jane Lodato, Giuseppe Longarini, Cristiano Stadler, Jochen Teague, Richard Wilner, David Winter, Andrew Wolfer, Lisa Yoshida, Tomohiro C. |
| contents | Forward modeling is often used to interpret substructures observed in protoplanetary disks. To ensure the robustness and consistency of the current forward modeling approach from the community, we conducted a systematic comparison of various hydrodynamics and radiative transfer codes. Using four grid-based hydrodynamics codes (FARGO3D, Idefix, Athena++, PLUTO) and a smoothed particle hydrodynamics code (Phantom), we simulated a protoplanetary disk with an embedded giant planet. We then used two radiative transfer codes (mcfost, RADMC-3D) to calculate disk temperatures and create synthetic 12CO cubes. Finally, we retrieved the location of the planet from the synthetic cubes using DISCMINER. We found strong consistency between the hydrodynamics codes, particularly in the density and velocity perturbations associated with planet-driven spirals. We also found a good agreement between the two radiative transfer codes: the disk temperature in mcfost and RADMC-3D models agrees within $\lesssim 3~\%$ everywhere in the domain. In synthetic $^{12}$CO channel maps, this results in brightness temperature differences within $\pm1.5$ K in all our models. This good agreement ensures consistent retrieval of planet's radial/azimuthal location with only a few % of scatter, with velocity perturbations varying $\lesssim 20~\%$ among the models. Notably, while the planet-opened gap is shallower in the Phantom simulation, we found that this does not impact the planet location retrieval. In summary, our results demonstrate that any combination of the tested hydrodynamics and radiative transfer codes can be used to reliably model and interpret planet-driven kinematic perturbations. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_18643 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | exoALMA VII: Benchmarking Hydrodynamics and Radiative Transfer Codes Bae, Jaehan Flock, Mario Izquierdo, Andres Kanagawa, Kazuhiro Ono, Tomohiro Pinte, Christophe Price, Daniel J. Rosotti, Giovanni P. Wafflard-Fernandez, Gaylor Lesur, Geoffroy Masset, Frederic Andrews, Sean M. Barrasa-Alfaro, Marcelo Benisty, Myriam Cataldi, Gianni Cuello, Nicolas Curone, Pietro Czekala, Ian Hammond, Iain Huang, Jane Lodato, Giuseppe Longarini, Cristiano Stadler, Jochen Teague, Richard Wilner, David Winter, Andrew Wolfer, Lisa Yoshida, Tomohiro C. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Forward modeling is often used to interpret substructures observed in protoplanetary disks. To ensure the robustness and consistency of the current forward modeling approach from the community, we conducted a systematic comparison of various hydrodynamics and radiative transfer codes. Using four grid-based hydrodynamics codes (FARGO3D, Idefix, Athena++, PLUTO) and a smoothed particle hydrodynamics code (Phantom), we simulated a protoplanetary disk with an embedded giant planet. We then used two radiative transfer codes (mcfost, RADMC-3D) to calculate disk temperatures and create synthetic 12CO cubes. Finally, we retrieved the location of the planet from the synthetic cubes using DISCMINER. We found strong consistency between the hydrodynamics codes, particularly in the density and velocity perturbations associated with planet-driven spirals. We also found a good agreement between the two radiative transfer codes: the disk temperature in mcfost and RADMC-3D models agrees within $\lesssim 3~\%$ everywhere in the domain. In synthetic $^{12}$CO channel maps, this results in brightness temperature differences within $\pm1.5$ K in all our models. This good agreement ensures consistent retrieval of planet's radial/azimuthal location with only a few % of scatter, with velocity perturbations varying $\lesssim 20~\%$ among the models. Notably, while the planet-opened gap is shallower in the Phantom simulation, we found that this does not impact the planet location retrieval. In summary, our results demonstrate that any combination of the tested hydrodynamics and radiative transfer codes can be used to reliably model and interpret planet-driven kinematic perturbations. |
| title | exoALMA VII: Benchmarking Hydrodynamics and Radiative Transfer Codes |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18643 |