_version_ 1866917999813853184
author Teague, Richard
Benisty, Myriam
Facchini, Stefano
Fukagawa, Misato
Pinte, Christophe
Andrews, Sean M.
Bae, Jaehan
Barraza-Alfaro, Marcelo
Cataldi, Gianni
Cuello, Nicolás
Curone, Pietro
Czekala, Ian
Fasano, Daniele
Flock, Mario
Galloway-Sprietsma, Maria
Gardner, Charles H.
Garg, Himanshi
Hall, Cassandra
Hammond, Iain
Hilder, Thomas
Huang, Jane
Ilee, John D.
Isella, Andrea
Izquierdo, Andrés F.
Kanagawa, Kazuhiro
Lesur, Geoffroy
Lodato, Giuseppe
Longarini, Cristiano
Loomis, Ryan A.
Masset, Frédéric
Menard, Francois
Orihara, Ryuta
Price, Daniel J.
Rosotti, Giovanni
Stadler, Jochen
Testi, Leonardo
Yen, Hsi-Wei
Wafflard-Fernandez, Gaylor
Wilner, David J.
Winter, Andrew J.
Wölfer, Lisa
Yoshida, Tomohiro C.
Zawadzki, Brianna
author_facet Teague, Richard
Benisty, Myriam
Facchini, Stefano
Fukagawa, Misato
Pinte, Christophe
Andrews, Sean M.
Bae, Jaehan
Barraza-Alfaro, Marcelo
Cataldi, Gianni
Cuello, Nicolás
Curone, Pietro
Czekala, Ian
Fasano, Daniele
Flock, Mario
Galloway-Sprietsma, Maria
Gardner, Charles H.
Garg, Himanshi
Hall, Cassandra
Hammond, Iain
Hilder, Thomas
Huang, Jane
Ilee, John D.
Isella, Andrea
Izquierdo, Andrés F.
Kanagawa, Kazuhiro
Lesur, Geoffroy
Lodato, Giuseppe
Longarini, Cristiano
Loomis, Ryan A.
Masset, Frédéric
Menard, Francois
Orihara, Ryuta
Price, Daniel J.
Rosotti, Giovanni
Stadler, Jochen
Testi, Leonardo
Yen, Hsi-Wei
Wafflard-Fernandez, Gaylor
Wilner, David J.
Winter, Andrew J.
Wölfer, Lisa
Yoshida, Tomohiro C.
Zawadzki, Brianna
contents Planet formation is a hugely dynamic process requiring the transport, concentration and assimilation of gas and dust to form the first planetesimals and cores. With access to extremely high spatial and spectral resolution observations at unprecedented sensitivities, it is now possible to probe the planet forming environment in detail. To this end, the exoALMA Large Program targeted fifteen large protoplanetary disks ranging between ${\sim}1\arcsec$ and ${\sim}7\arcsec$ in radius, and mapped the gas and dust distributions. $^{12}$CO J=3-2, $^{13}$CO J=3-2 and CS J=7-6 molecular emission was imaged at high angular (${\sim}~0\farcs15$) and spectral (${\sim}~100~{\rm m\,s^{-1}}$) resolution, achieving a surface brightness temperature sensitivity of ${\sim}1.5$~K over a single channel, while the 330~GHz continuum emission was imaged at 90~mas resolution and achieved a point source sensitivity of ${\sim}\,40~μ{\rm Jy~beam^{-1}}$. These observations constitute some of the deepest observations of protoplanetary disks to date. Extensive substructure was found in all but one disk, traced by both dust continuum and molecular line emission. In addition, the molecular emission allowed for the velocity structure of the disks to be mapped with excellent precision (uncertainties on the order of $10~{\rm m\,s^{-1}}$), revealing a variety of kinematic perturbations across all sources. From this sample it is clear that, when observed in detail, all disks appear to exhibit physical and dynamical substructure indicative of on-going dynamical processing due to young, embedded planets, large-scale, (magneto-)hydrodynamical instabilities or winds.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_18688
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle exoALMA I. Science Goals, Project Design and Data Products
Teague, Richard
Benisty, Myriam
Facchini, Stefano
Fukagawa, Misato
Pinte, Christophe
Andrews, Sean M.
Bae, Jaehan
Barraza-Alfaro, Marcelo
Cataldi, Gianni
Cuello, Nicolás
Curone, Pietro
Czekala, Ian
Fasano, Daniele
Flock, Mario
Galloway-Sprietsma, Maria
Gardner, Charles H.
Garg, Himanshi
Hall, Cassandra
Hammond, Iain
Hilder, Thomas
Huang, Jane
Ilee, John D.
Isella, Andrea
Izquierdo, Andrés F.
Kanagawa, Kazuhiro
Lesur, Geoffroy
Lodato, Giuseppe
Longarini, Cristiano
Loomis, Ryan A.
Masset, Frédéric
Menard, Francois
Orihara, Ryuta
Price, Daniel J.
Rosotti, Giovanni
Stadler, Jochen
Testi, Leonardo
Yen, Hsi-Wei
Wafflard-Fernandez, Gaylor
Wilner, David J.
Winter, Andrew J.
Wölfer, Lisa
Yoshida, Tomohiro C.
Zawadzki, Brianna
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Planet formation is a hugely dynamic process requiring the transport, concentration and assimilation of gas and dust to form the first planetesimals and cores. With access to extremely high spatial and spectral resolution observations at unprecedented sensitivities, it is now possible to probe the planet forming environment in detail. To this end, the exoALMA Large Program targeted fifteen large protoplanetary disks ranging between ${\sim}1\arcsec$ and ${\sim}7\arcsec$ in radius, and mapped the gas and dust distributions. $^{12}$CO J=3-2, $^{13}$CO J=3-2 and CS J=7-6 molecular emission was imaged at high angular (${\sim}~0\farcs15$) and spectral (${\sim}~100~{\rm m\,s^{-1}}$) resolution, achieving a surface brightness temperature sensitivity of ${\sim}1.5$~K over a single channel, while the 330~GHz continuum emission was imaged at 90~mas resolution and achieved a point source sensitivity of ${\sim}\,40~μ{\rm Jy~beam^{-1}}$. These observations constitute some of the deepest observations of protoplanetary disks to date. Extensive substructure was found in all but one disk, traced by both dust continuum and molecular line emission. In addition, the molecular emission allowed for the velocity structure of the disks to be mapped with excellent precision (uncertainties on the order of $10~{\rm m\,s^{-1}}$), revealing a variety of kinematic perturbations across all sources. From this sample it is clear that, when observed in detail, all disks appear to exhibit physical and dynamical substructure indicative of on-going dynamical processing due to young, embedded planets, large-scale, (magneto-)hydrodynamical instabilities or winds.
title exoALMA I. Science Goals, Project Design and Data Products
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18688