Highly integrated broadband entropy source for quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuations

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wang, Xuyang, Shi, Yuqi, Wang, Ning, Yun, Jie, Li, Jiaxu, Jia, Yanxiang, Liu, Shuaishuai, Lu, Zhenguo, Zou, Jun, Li, Yongmin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866915971243966464
author Wang, Xuyang
Shi, Yuqi
Wang, Ning
Yun, Jie
Li, Jiaxu
Jia, Yanxiang
Liu, Shuaishuai
Lu, Zhenguo
Zou, Jun
Li, Yongmin
author_facet Wang, Xuyang
Shi, Yuqi
Wang, Ning
Yun, Jie
Li, Jiaxu
Jia, Yanxiang
Liu, Shuaishuai
Lu, Zhenguo
Zou, Jun
Li, Yongmin
contents In this work, we designed and experimentally verified a highly integrated broadband entropy source for a quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on vacuum fluctuations. The core of the entropy source is a hybrid laser-and-silicon-photonics chip, which is only 6.3 $ \times $ 2.6 $ \times $ 1.5 mm$^{3}$ in size. A balanced homodyne detector based on cascaded radio-frequency amplifiers in the entropy source achieves a 3 dB bandwidth of 2.4 GHz and a common-mode rejection ratio above 25 dB. The quantum-to-classical-noise ratio is 9.51 dB at a photoelectron current of 1 mA. The noise equivalent power and equivalent transimpedance are 8.85$\,\text{pW}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ , and 22.8 k$Ω$, respectively. After optimization using equalizer technology that eliminates the dependence of adjacent samples, the quantum random number generation rate reaches 67.9 Gbps under average conditional minimum entropy and 61.9 Gbps under the worst-case conditional minimum entropy. The developed hybrid chip enhances the integrability and speed of QRNG entropy sources based on vacuum fluctuations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_18795
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Highly integrated broadband entropy source for quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuations
Wang, Xuyang
Shi, Yuqi
Wang, Ning
Yun, Jie
Li, Jiaxu
Jia, Yanxiang
Liu, Shuaishuai
Lu, Zhenguo
Zou, Jun
Li, Yongmin
Quantum Physics
In this work, we designed and experimentally verified a highly integrated broadband entropy source for a quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on vacuum fluctuations. The core of the entropy source is a hybrid laser-and-silicon-photonics chip, which is only 6.3 $ \times $ 2.6 $ \times $ 1.5 mm$^{3}$ in size. A balanced homodyne detector based on cascaded radio-frequency amplifiers in the entropy source achieves a 3 dB bandwidth of 2.4 GHz and a common-mode rejection ratio above 25 dB. The quantum-to-classical-noise ratio is 9.51 dB at a photoelectron current of 1 mA. The noise equivalent power and equivalent transimpedance are 8.85$\,\text{pW}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ , and 22.8 k$Ω$, respectively. After optimization using equalizer technology that eliminates the dependence of adjacent samples, the quantum random number generation rate reaches 67.9 Gbps under average conditional minimum entropy and 61.9 Gbps under the worst-case conditional minimum entropy. The developed hybrid chip enhances the integrability and speed of QRNG entropy sources based on vacuum fluctuations.
title Highly integrated broadband entropy source for quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuations
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18795