What Determines the Maximum Mass of AGN-assisted Black Hole Mergers?

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Xue, LingQin, Tagawa, Hiromichi, Haiman, Zoltan, Bartos, Imre
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Xue, LingQin
Tagawa, Hiromichi
Haiman, Zoltan
Bartos, Imre
author_facet Xue, LingQin
Tagawa, Hiromichi
Haiman, Zoltan
Bartos, Imre
contents The origin of merging binary black holes detected through gravitational waves remains a fundamental question in astrophysics. While stellar evolution imposes an upper mass limit of about 50 solar mass for black holes, some observed mergers--most notably GW190521--involve significantly more massive components, suggesting alternative formation channels. Here we investigate the maximum masses attainable by black hole mergers within active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks. Using a comprehensive semi-analytic model incorporating 27 binary and environmental parameters, we explore the role of AGN disk conditions in shaping the upper end of the black hole mass spectrum. We find that AGN disk lifetime is the dominant factor, with high-mass mergers (>200 solar mass) only possible if disks persist for ~40 Myr. The joint electromagnetic observation of an AGN-assisted merger could therefore lead to a direct measurement of the age of an AGN disk.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_19570
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle What Determines the Maximum Mass of AGN-assisted Black Hole Mergers?
Xue, LingQin
Tagawa, Hiromichi
Haiman, Zoltan
Bartos, Imre
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics of Galaxies
The origin of merging binary black holes detected through gravitational waves remains a fundamental question in astrophysics. While stellar evolution imposes an upper mass limit of about 50 solar mass for black holes, some observed mergers--most notably GW190521--involve significantly more massive components, suggesting alternative formation channels. Here we investigate the maximum masses attainable by black hole mergers within active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks. Using a comprehensive semi-analytic model incorporating 27 binary and environmental parameters, we explore the role of AGN disk conditions in shaping the upper end of the black hole mass spectrum. We find that AGN disk lifetime is the dominant factor, with high-mass mergers (>200 solar mass) only possible if disks persist for ~40 Myr. The joint electromagnetic observation of an AGN-assisted merger could therefore lead to a direct measurement of the age of an AGN disk.
title What Determines the Maximum Mass of AGN-assisted Black Hole Mergers?
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19570