On the Complexity of Identifying Groups without Abelian Normal Subgroups: Parallel, First Order, and GI-Hardness

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Grochow, Joshua A., Johnson, Dan, Levet, Michael
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Grochow, Joshua A.
Johnson, Dan
Levet, Michael
author_facet Grochow, Joshua A.
Johnson, Dan
Levet, Michael
contents In this paper, we exhibit an $\textsf{AC}^{3}$ isomorphism test for groups without Abelian normal subgroups (a.k.a. Fitting-free groups), a class for which isomorphism testing was previously known to be in $\mathsf{P}$ (Babai, Codenotti, and Qiao; ICALP '12). Here, we leverage the fact that $G/\text{PKer}(G)$ can be viewed as permutation group of degree $O(\log |G|)$. As $G$ is given by its multiplication table, we are able to implement the solution for the corresponding instance of Twisted Code Equivalence in $\textsf{AC}^{3}$. In sharp contrast, we show that when our groups are specified by a generating set of permutations, isomorphism testing of Fitting-free groups is at least as hard as Graph Isomorphism and Linear Code Equivalence (the latter being $\textsf{GI}$-hard and having no known subexponential-time algorithm). Lastly, we show that any Fitting-free group of order $n$ is identified by $\textsf{FO}$ formulas (without counting) using only $O(\log \log n)$ variables. This is in contrast to the fact that there are infinite families of Abelian groups that are not identified by $\textsf{FO}$ formulas with $o(\log n)$ variables (Grochow & Levet, FCT '23).
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_19777
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the Complexity of Identifying Groups without Abelian Normal Subgroups: Parallel, First Order, and GI-Hardness
Grochow, Joshua A.
Johnson, Dan
Levet, Michael
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
Logic in Computer Science
Group Theory
20A15, 68Q19, 68Q25
F.2.2; G.2.2; F.1.3; F.2.2
In this paper, we exhibit an $\textsf{AC}^{3}$ isomorphism test for groups without Abelian normal subgroups (a.k.a. Fitting-free groups), a class for which isomorphism testing was previously known to be in $\mathsf{P}$ (Babai, Codenotti, and Qiao; ICALP '12). Here, we leverage the fact that $G/\text{PKer}(G)$ can be viewed as permutation group of degree $O(\log |G|)$. As $G$ is given by its multiplication table, we are able to implement the solution for the corresponding instance of Twisted Code Equivalence in $\textsf{AC}^{3}$. In sharp contrast, we show that when our groups are specified by a generating set of permutations, isomorphism testing of Fitting-free groups is at least as hard as Graph Isomorphism and Linear Code Equivalence (the latter being $\textsf{GI}$-hard and having no known subexponential-time algorithm). Lastly, we show that any Fitting-free group of order $n$ is identified by $\textsf{FO}$ formulas (without counting) using only $O(\log \log n)$ variables. This is in contrast to the fact that there are infinite families of Abelian groups that are not identified by $\textsf{FO}$ formulas with $o(\log n)$ variables (Grochow & Levet, FCT '23).
title On the Complexity of Identifying Groups without Abelian Normal Subgroups: Parallel, First Order, and GI-Hardness
topic Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
Logic in Computer Science
Group Theory
20A15, 68Q19, 68Q25
F.2.2; G.2.2; F.1.3; F.2.2
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19777