Factorization of multimeters: a unified view on nonclassical quantum phenomena

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Achenbach, Tim, Bluhm, Andreas, Leppäjärvi, Leevi, Nechita, Ion, Plávala, Martin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Achenbach, Tim
Bluhm, Andreas
Leppäjärvi, Leevi
Nechita, Ion
Plávala, Martin
author_facet Achenbach, Tim
Bluhm, Andreas
Leppäjärvi, Leevi
Nechita, Ion
Plávala, Martin
contents Quantum theory exhibits various nonclassical features, such as measurement incompatibility, contextuality, steering, and Bell nonlocality, which distinguish it from classical physics. These phenomena are often studied separately, but they possess deep interconnections. This work introduces a unified mathematical framework based on commuting diagrams that unifies them. By representing collections of measurements (multimeters) as maps to the set of column-stochastic matrices, we show that measurement compatibility and simulability correspond to specific factorizations of these maps through intermediate systems. We apply this framework to put forward connections between different nonclassical notions and provide factorization-based characterizations for steering assemblages and Bell correlations, including a new perspective on the CHSH inequality witnessing measurement incompatibility. We also investigate the symmetric $n$-extensions of multimeters and no-signaling behaviors and connect these extensions to a notion of $n$-wise compatibility and to the existence of $n$-wise LHV models, respectively. Furthermore, we investigate robustness to noise of nonlocal features by examining factorization conditions for maps involving noisy state spaces, providing geometric criteria for when noisy multimeters can be simulated by simpler measurement settings.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_19865
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Factorization of multimeters: a unified view on nonclassical quantum phenomena
Achenbach, Tim
Bluhm, Andreas
Leppäjärvi, Leevi
Nechita, Ion
Plávala, Martin
Quantum Physics
Mathematical Physics
Quantum theory exhibits various nonclassical features, such as measurement incompatibility, contextuality, steering, and Bell nonlocality, which distinguish it from classical physics. These phenomena are often studied separately, but they possess deep interconnections. This work introduces a unified mathematical framework based on commuting diagrams that unifies them. By representing collections of measurements (multimeters) as maps to the set of column-stochastic matrices, we show that measurement compatibility and simulability correspond to specific factorizations of these maps through intermediate systems. We apply this framework to put forward connections between different nonclassical notions and provide factorization-based characterizations for steering assemblages and Bell correlations, including a new perspective on the CHSH inequality witnessing measurement incompatibility. We also investigate the symmetric $n$-extensions of multimeters and no-signaling behaviors and connect these extensions to a notion of $n$-wise compatibility and to the existence of $n$-wise LHV models, respectively. Furthermore, we investigate robustness to noise of nonlocal features by examining factorization conditions for maps involving noisy state spaces, providing geometric criteria for when noisy multimeters can be simulated by simpler measurement settings.
title Factorization of multimeters: a unified view on nonclassical quantum phenomena
topic Quantum Physics
Mathematical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19865