A Virtual Cybersecurity Department for Securing Digital Twins in Water Distribution Systems
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866908342818963456 |
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| author | Homaei, Mohammadhossein Di Bartolo, Agustin Mogollon-Gutierrez, Oscar Morgado, Fernando Broncano Rodriguez, Pablo Garcia |
| author_facet | Homaei, Mohammadhossein Di Bartolo, Agustin Mogollon-Gutierrez, Oscar Morgado, Fernando Broncano Rodriguez, Pablo Garcia |
| contents | Digital twins (DTs) help improve real-time monitoring and decision-making in water distribution systems. However, their connectivity makes them easy targets for cyberattacks such as scanning, denial-of-service (DoS), and unauthorized access. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that manage these systems often do not have enough budget or staff to build strong cybersecurity teams. To solve this problem, we present a Virtual Cybersecurity Department (VCD), an affordable and automated framework designed for SMEs. The VCD uses open-source tools like Zabbix for real-time monitoring, Suricata for network intrusion detection, Fail2Ban to block repeated login attempts, and simple firewall settings. To improve threat detection, we also add a machine-learning-based IDS trained on the OD-IDS2022 dataset using an improved ensemble model. This model detects cyber threats such as brute-force attacks, remote code execution (RCE), and network flooding, with 92\% accuracy and fewer false alarms. Our solution gives SMEs a practical and efficient way to secure water systems using low-cost and easy-to-manage tools. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_20266 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A Virtual Cybersecurity Department for Securing Digital Twins in Water Distribution Systems Homaei, Mohammadhossein Di Bartolo, Agustin Mogollon-Gutierrez, Oscar Morgado, Fernando Broncano Rodriguez, Pablo Garcia Cryptography and Security Machine Learning Networking and Internet Architecture Digital twins (DTs) help improve real-time monitoring and decision-making in water distribution systems. However, their connectivity makes them easy targets for cyberattacks such as scanning, denial-of-service (DoS), and unauthorized access. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that manage these systems often do not have enough budget or staff to build strong cybersecurity teams. To solve this problem, we present a Virtual Cybersecurity Department (VCD), an affordable and automated framework designed for SMEs. The VCD uses open-source tools like Zabbix for real-time monitoring, Suricata for network intrusion detection, Fail2Ban to block repeated login attempts, and simple firewall settings. To improve threat detection, we also add a machine-learning-based IDS trained on the OD-IDS2022 dataset using an improved ensemble model. This model detects cyber threats such as brute-force attacks, remote code execution (RCE), and network flooding, with 92\% accuracy and fewer false alarms. Our solution gives SMEs a practical and efficient way to secure water systems using low-cost and easy-to-manage tools. |
| title | A Virtual Cybersecurity Department for Securing Digital Twins in Water Distribution Systems |
| topic | Cryptography and Security Machine Learning Networking and Internet Architecture |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20266 |