Separation and Definability in Fragments of Two-Variable First-Order Logic with Counting

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kuijer, Louwe, Tan, Tony, Wolter, Frank, Zakharyaschev, Michael
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866912538674855936
author Kuijer, Louwe
Tan, Tony
Wolter, Frank
Zakharyaschev, Michael
author_facet Kuijer, Louwe
Tan, Tony
Wolter, Frank
Zakharyaschev, Michael
contents For fragments L of first-order logic (FO) with counting quantifiers, we consider the definability problem, which asks whether a given L-formula can be equivalently expressed by a formula in some fragment of L without counting, and the more general separation problem asking whether two mutually exclusive L-formulas can be separated in some counting-free fragment of L. We show that separation is undecidable for the two-variable fragment of FO extended with counting quantifiers and for the graded modal logic with inverse, nominals and universal modality. On the other hand, if inverse or nominals are dropped, separation becomes coNExpTime- or 2ExpTime-complete, depending on whether the universal modality is present. In contrast, definability can often be reduced in polynomial time to validity in L. We also consider uniform separation and show that it often behaves similarly to definability.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_20491
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Separation and Definability in Fragments of Two-Variable First-Order Logic with Counting
Kuijer, Louwe
Tan, Tony
Wolter, Frank
Zakharyaschev, Michael
Logic in Computer Science
03B45 (Primary) 03C40 (Secondary)
For fragments L of first-order logic (FO) with counting quantifiers, we consider the definability problem, which asks whether a given L-formula can be equivalently expressed by a formula in some fragment of L without counting, and the more general separation problem asking whether two mutually exclusive L-formulas can be separated in some counting-free fragment of L. We show that separation is undecidable for the two-variable fragment of FO extended with counting quantifiers and for the graded modal logic with inverse, nominals and universal modality. On the other hand, if inverse or nominals are dropped, separation becomes coNExpTime- or 2ExpTime-complete, depending on whether the universal modality is present. In contrast, definability can often be reduced in polynomial time to validity in L. We also consider uniform separation and show that it often behaves similarly to definability.
title Separation and Definability in Fragments of Two-Variable First-Order Logic with Counting
topic Logic in Computer Science
03B45 (Primary) 03C40 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20491