From regular expressions to deterministic finite automata: $2^{\frac{n}{2}+\sqrt{n}(\log n)^{Θ(1)}}$ states are necessary and sufficient

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Autori principali: Martynova, Olga, Okhotin, Alexander
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Martynova, Olga
Okhotin, Alexander
author_facet Martynova, Olga
Okhotin, Alexander
contents It is proved that every regular expression of alphabetic width $n$, that is, with $n$ occurrences of symbols of the alphabet, can be transformed into a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) with $2^{\frac{n}{2}+(\frac{\log_2 e}{2\sqrt{2}}+o(1))\sqrt{n\ln n}}$ states recognizing the same language (the best upper bound up to date is $2^n$). At the same time, it is also shown that this bound is close to optimal, namely, that there exist regular expressions of alphabetic width $n$ over a two-symbol alphabet, such that every DFA for the same language has at least $2^{\frac{n}{2}+(\sqrt{2} + o(1))\sqrt{\frac{n}{\ln n}}}$ states (the previously known lower bound is $\frac{5}{4}2^{\frac{n}{2}}$). The same bounds are obtained for an intermediate problem of determinizing nondetermistic finite automata (NFA) with each state having all incoming transitions by the same symbol.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_20555
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle From regular expressions to deterministic finite automata: $2^{\frac{n}{2}+\sqrt{n}(\log n)^{Θ(1)}}$ states are necessary and sufficient
Martynova, Olga
Okhotin, Alexander
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
68Q45
It is proved that every regular expression of alphabetic width $n$, that is, with $n$ occurrences of symbols of the alphabet, can be transformed into a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) with $2^{\frac{n}{2}+(\frac{\log_2 e}{2\sqrt{2}}+o(1))\sqrt{n\ln n}}$ states recognizing the same language (the best upper bound up to date is $2^n$). At the same time, it is also shown that this bound is close to optimal, namely, that there exist regular expressions of alphabetic width $n$ over a two-symbol alphabet, such that every DFA for the same language has at least $2^{\frac{n}{2}+(\sqrt{2} + o(1))\sqrt{\frac{n}{\ln n}}}$ states (the previously known lower bound is $\frac{5}{4}2^{\frac{n}{2}}$). The same bounds are obtained for an intermediate problem of determinizing nondetermistic finite automata (NFA) with each state having all incoming transitions by the same symbol.
title From regular expressions to deterministic finite automata: $2^{\frac{n}{2}+\sqrt{n}(\log n)^{Θ(1)}}$ states are necessary and sufficient
topic Formal Languages and Automata Theory
68Q45
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20555