Tracking the Evolution of Near-Field Photonic Qubits into High-Dimensional Qudits via State Tomography
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866911570545606656 |
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| author | Kam, Amit Tsesses, Shai Fridman, Lior Ilin, Yigal Sivan, Amir Sayer, Guy Cohen, Kobi Shaham, Amit Nemirovsky-Levy, Liat Popilevsky, Larisa Orenstein, Meir Segev, Mordechai Bartal, Guy |
| author_facet | Kam, Amit Tsesses, Shai Fridman, Lior Ilin, Yigal Sivan, Amir Sayer, Guy Cohen, Kobi Shaham, Amit Nemirovsky-Levy, Liat Popilevsky, Larisa Orenstein, Meir Segev, Mordechai Bartal, Guy |
| contents | Quantum nanophotonics offers essential tools and technologies for controlling quantum states, while maintaining a miniature form factor and high scalability. For example, nanophotonic platforms can transfer information from the traditional degrees of freedom (DoFs), such as spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), to the DoFs of the nanophotonic platform - and back, opening new directions for quantum information processing. Recent experiments have utilized the total angular momentum (TAM) of a photon as a unique means to produce entangled qubits in nanophotonic platforms. Yet, the process of transferring the information between the free-space DoFs and the TAM was never investigated, and its implications are still unknown. Here, we reveal the evolution of quantum information in heralded single photons as they couple into and out of the near-field of a nanophotonic system. Through quantum state tomography, we discover that the TAM qubit in the near-field becomes a free-space qudit entangled in the photonic SAM and OAM. The extracted density matrix and Wigner function in free-space indicate state preparation fidelity above 97%. The concepts described here bring new concepts and methodologies in developing high-dimensional quantum circuitry on a chip. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_20590 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Tracking the Evolution of Near-Field Photonic Qubits into High-Dimensional Qudits via State Tomography Kam, Amit Tsesses, Shai Fridman, Lior Ilin, Yigal Sivan, Amir Sayer, Guy Cohen, Kobi Shaham, Amit Nemirovsky-Levy, Liat Popilevsky, Larisa Orenstein, Meir Segev, Mordechai Bartal, Guy Quantum Physics Optics Quantum nanophotonics offers essential tools and technologies for controlling quantum states, while maintaining a miniature form factor and high scalability. For example, nanophotonic platforms can transfer information from the traditional degrees of freedom (DoFs), such as spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), to the DoFs of the nanophotonic platform - and back, opening new directions for quantum information processing. Recent experiments have utilized the total angular momentum (TAM) of a photon as a unique means to produce entangled qubits in nanophotonic platforms. Yet, the process of transferring the information between the free-space DoFs and the TAM was never investigated, and its implications are still unknown. Here, we reveal the evolution of quantum information in heralded single photons as they couple into and out of the near-field of a nanophotonic system. Through quantum state tomography, we discover that the TAM qubit in the near-field becomes a free-space qudit entangled in the photonic SAM and OAM. The extracted density matrix and Wigner function in free-space indicate state preparation fidelity above 97%. The concepts described here bring new concepts and methodologies in developing high-dimensional quantum circuitry on a chip. |
| title | Tracking the Evolution of Near-Field Photonic Qubits into High-Dimensional Qudits via State Tomography |
| topic | Quantum Physics Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20590 |