X-Cross: Dynamic Integration of Language Models for Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation

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Main Authors: Hadad, Guy, Roitman, Haggai, Eshel, Yotam, Shapira, Bracha, Rokach, Lior
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Hadad, Guy
Roitman, Haggai
Eshel, Yotam
Shapira, Bracha
Rokach, Lior
author_facet Hadad, Guy
Roitman, Haggai
Eshel, Yotam
Shapira, Bracha
Rokach, Lior
contents As new products are emerging daily, recommendation systems are required to quickly adapt to possible new domains without needing extensive retraining. This work presents ``X-Cross'' -- a novel cross-domain sequential-recommendation model that recommends products in new domains by integrating several domain-specific language models; each model is fine-tuned with low-rank adapters (LoRA). Given a recommendation prompt, operating layer by layer, X-Cross dynamically refines the representation of each source language model by integrating knowledge from all other models. These refined representations are propagated from one layer to the next, leveraging the activations from each domain adapter to ensure domain-specific nuances are preserved while enabling adaptability across domains. Using Amazon datasets for sequential recommendation, X-Cross achieves performance comparable to a model that is fine-tuned with LoRA, while using only 25% of the additional parameters. In cross-domain tasks, such as adapting from Toys domain to Tools, Electronics or Sports, X-Cross demonstrates robust performance, while requiring about 50%-75% less fine-tuning data than LoRA to make fine-tuning effective. Furthermore, X-Cross achieves significant improvement in accuracy over alternative cross-domain baselines. Overall, X-Cross enables scalable and adaptive cross-domain recommendations, reducing computational overhead and providing an efficient solution for data-constrained environments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_20859
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle X-Cross: Dynamic Integration of Language Models for Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation
Hadad, Guy
Roitman, Haggai
Eshel, Yotam
Shapira, Bracha
Rokach, Lior
Information Retrieval
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
As new products are emerging daily, recommendation systems are required to quickly adapt to possible new domains without needing extensive retraining. This work presents ``X-Cross'' -- a novel cross-domain sequential-recommendation model that recommends products in new domains by integrating several domain-specific language models; each model is fine-tuned with low-rank adapters (LoRA). Given a recommendation prompt, operating layer by layer, X-Cross dynamically refines the representation of each source language model by integrating knowledge from all other models. These refined representations are propagated from one layer to the next, leveraging the activations from each domain adapter to ensure domain-specific nuances are preserved while enabling adaptability across domains. Using Amazon datasets for sequential recommendation, X-Cross achieves performance comparable to a model that is fine-tuned with LoRA, while using only 25% of the additional parameters. In cross-domain tasks, such as adapting from Toys domain to Tools, Electronics or Sports, X-Cross demonstrates robust performance, while requiring about 50%-75% less fine-tuning data than LoRA to make fine-tuning effective. Furthermore, X-Cross achieves significant improvement in accuracy over alternative cross-domain baselines. Overall, X-Cross enables scalable and adaptive cross-domain recommendations, reducing computational overhead and providing an efficient solution for data-constrained environments.
title X-Cross: Dynamic Integration of Language Models for Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation
topic Information Retrieval
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20859