Probing the Axion-Nucleon Coupling with Supergiant Stars

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Candón, Francisco R., Casaseca, Pablo, Giannotti, Maurizio, Kaltschmidt, Mathieu, Ruz, Jaime, Vogel, Julia K.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Candón, Francisco R.
Casaseca, Pablo
Giannotti, Maurizio
Kaltschmidt, Mathieu
Ruz, Jaime
Vogel, Julia K.
author_facet Candón, Francisco R.
Casaseca, Pablo
Giannotti, Maurizio
Kaltschmidt, Mathieu
Ruz, Jaime
Vogel, Julia K.
contents A finite axion-nucleon coupling enables the production of axions in stellar environments via the thermal excitation and subsequent de-excitation of the $^{57}$Fe isotope. Given its low-lying excited state at 14.4 keV, $^{57}$Fe can be efficiently excited in the hot cores of supergiant stars, possibly leading to axions emission. The conversion of these axions into photons in the Galactic magnetic field results in a characteristic 14.4 keV line, potentially detectable by hard X-ray telescopes such as NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). In this work, we present the first constraints on axion-nucleon couplings derived from \textsc{NuSTAR} observations of Betelgeuse and discuss the potential insights that could be gained from detecting this line in other nearby supergiants. Our results establish significantly more stringent bounds than those obtained from solar observations, setting a limit of $|g_{aγ} g_{aN}^{\mathrm{eff}}| < (1.2 - 2.7) \times 10^{-20}$ GeV$^{-1}$ for $m_a \lesssim 10^{-10}$ eV.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_21107
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Probing the Axion-Nucleon Coupling with Supergiant Stars
Candón, Francisco R.
Casaseca, Pablo
Giannotti, Maurizio
Kaltschmidt, Mathieu
Ruz, Jaime
Vogel, Julia K.
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
A finite axion-nucleon coupling enables the production of axions in stellar environments via the thermal excitation and subsequent de-excitation of the $^{57}$Fe isotope. Given its low-lying excited state at 14.4 keV, $^{57}$Fe can be efficiently excited in the hot cores of supergiant stars, possibly leading to axions emission. The conversion of these axions into photons in the Galactic magnetic field results in a characteristic 14.4 keV line, potentially detectable by hard X-ray telescopes such as NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). In this work, we present the first constraints on axion-nucleon couplings derived from \textsc{NuSTAR} observations of Betelgeuse and discuss the potential insights that could be gained from detecting this line in other nearby supergiants. Our results establish significantly more stringent bounds than those obtained from solar observations, setting a limit of $|g_{aγ} g_{aN}^{\mathrm{eff}}| < (1.2 - 2.7) \times 10^{-20}$ GeV$^{-1}$ for $m_a \lesssim 10^{-10}$ eV.
title Probing the Axion-Nucleon Coupling with Supergiant Stars
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21107