Phi-4-Mini-Reasoning: Exploring the Limits of Small Reasoning Language Models in Math

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Hauptverfasser: Xu, Haoran, Peng, Baolin, Awadalla, Hany, Chen, Dongdong, Chen, Yen-Chun, Gao, Mei, Kim, Young Jin, Li, Yunsheng, Ren, Liliang, Shen, Yelong, Wang, Shuohang, Xu, Weijian, Gao, Jianfeng, Chen, Weizhu
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Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Xu, Haoran
Peng, Baolin
Awadalla, Hany
Chen, Dongdong
Chen, Yen-Chun
Gao, Mei
Kim, Young Jin
Li, Yunsheng
Ren, Liliang
Shen, Yelong
Wang, Shuohang
Xu, Weijian
Gao, Jianfeng
Chen, Weizhu
author_facet Xu, Haoran
Peng, Baolin
Awadalla, Hany
Chen, Dongdong
Chen, Yen-Chun
Gao, Mei
Kim, Young Jin
Li, Yunsheng
Ren, Liliang
Shen, Yelong
Wang, Shuohang
Xu, Weijian
Gao, Jianfeng
Chen, Weizhu
contents Chain-of-Thought (CoT) significantly enhances formal reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by training them to explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps. While LLMs readily benefit from such techniques, improving reasoning in Small Language Models (SLMs) remains challenging due to their limited model capacity. Recent work by Deepseek-R1 demonstrates that distillation from LLM-generated synthetic data can substantially improve the reasoning ability of SLM. However, the detailed modeling recipe is not disclosed. In this work, we present a systematic training recipe for SLMs that consists of four steps: (1) large-scale mid-training on diverse distilled long-CoT data, (2) supervised fine-tuning on high-quality long-CoT data, (3) Rollout DPO leveraging a carefully curated preference dataset, and (4) Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Verifiable Reward. We apply our method on Phi-4-Mini, a compact 3.8B-parameter model. The resulting Phi-4-Mini-Reasoning model exceeds, on math reasoning tasks, much larger reasoning models, e.g., outperforming DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B by 3.2 points and DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B by 7.7 points on Math-500. Our results validate that a carefully designed training recipe, with large-scale high-quality CoT data, is effective to unlock strong reasoning capabilities even in resource-constrained small models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_21233
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Phi-4-Mini-Reasoning: Exploring the Limits of Small Reasoning Language Models in Math
Xu, Haoran
Peng, Baolin
Awadalla, Hany
Chen, Dongdong
Chen, Yen-Chun
Gao, Mei
Kim, Young Jin
Li, Yunsheng
Ren, Liliang
Shen, Yelong
Wang, Shuohang
Xu, Weijian
Gao, Jianfeng
Chen, Weizhu
Computation and Language
Chain-of-Thought (CoT) significantly enhances formal reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by training them to explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps. While LLMs readily benefit from such techniques, improving reasoning in Small Language Models (SLMs) remains challenging due to their limited model capacity. Recent work by Deepseek-R1 demonstrates that distillation from LLM-generated synthetic data can substantially improve the reasoning ability of SLM. However, the detailed modeling recipe is not disclosed. In this work, we present a systematic training recipe for SLMs that consists of four steps: (1) large-scale mid-training on diverse distilled long-CoT data, (2) supervised fine-tuning on high-quality long-CoT data, (3) Rollout DPO leveraging a carefully curated preference dataset, and (4) Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Verifiable Reward. We apply our method on Phi-4-Mini, a compact 3.8B-parameter model. The resulting Phi-4-Mini-Reasoning model exceeds, on math reasoning tasks, much larger reasoning models, e.g., outperforming DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B by 3.2 points and DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B by 7.7 points on Math-500. Our results validate that a carefully designed training recipe, with large-scale high-quality CoT data, is effective to unlock strong reasoning capabilities even in resource-constrained small models.
title Phi-4-Mini-Reasoning: Exploring the Limits of Small Reasoning Language Models in Math
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21233