On persistent energy currents at equilibrium in non-reciprocal systems
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arXiv
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| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866908882182340608 |
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| author | Biehs, Svend-Age Latella, Ivan |
| author_facet | Biehs, Svend-Age Latella, Ivan |
| contents | We investigate the properties of the mean Poynting vector in global thermal equilibrium, which can be non-zero in non-reciprocal electromagnetic systems. Using dyadic Green's functions and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we provide a general proof that the mean Poynting vector is divergence-free under equilibrium conditions. Relying on this proof, we explicitly demonstrate that for systems where a normal mode expansion of the Green's function is applicable, the divergence of the equilibrium mean Poynting vector vanishes. As concrete examples, we also examine the equilibrium mean Poynting vector near a planar non-reciprocal substrate and in configurations involving an arbitrary number of dipolar non-reciprocal objects in free space. Finally, we argue that the so-called persistent heat current, while present in equilibrium, cannot be detected through out-of-equilibrium heat transfer measurements. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_21556 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | On persistent energy currents at equilibrium in non-reciprocal systems Biehs, Svend-Age Latella, Ivan Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics We investigate the properties of the mean Poynting vector in global thermal equilibrium, which can be non-zero in non-reciprocal electromagnetic systems. Using dyadic Green's functions and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we provide a general proof that the mean Poynting vector is divergence-free under equilibrium conditions. Relying on this proof, we explicitly demonstrate that for systems where a normal mode expansion of the Green's function is applicable, the divergence of the equilibrium mean Poynting vector vanishes. As concrete examples, we also examine the equilibrium mean Poynting vector near a planar non-reciprocal substrate and in configurations involving an arbitrary number of dipolar non-reciprocal objects in free space. Finally, we argue that the so-called persistent heat current, while present in equilibrium, cannot be detected through out-of-equilibrium heat transfer measurements. |
| title | On persistent energy currents at equilibrium in non-reciprocal systems |
| topic | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21556 |