Asymptotic Analysis of Weighted Fair Division

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Manurangsi, Pasin, Suksompong, Warut, Yokoyama, Tomohiko
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Manurangsi, Pasin
Suksompong, Warut
Yokoyama, Tomohiko
author_facet Manurangsi, Pasin
Suksompong, Warut
Yokoyama, Tomohiko
contents Several resource allocation settings involve agents with unequal entitlements represented by weights. We analyze weighted fair division from an asymptotic perspective: if $m$ items are divided among $n$ agents whose utilities are independently sampled from a probability distribution, when is it likely that a fair allocation exist? We show that if the ratio between the weights is bounded, a weighted envy-free allocation exists with high probability provided that $m = Ω(n\log n/\log\log n)$, generalizing a prior unweighted result. For weighted proportionality, we establish a sharp threshold of $m = n/(1-μ)$ for the transition from non-existence to existence, where $μ\in (0,1)$ denotes the mean of the distribution. In addition, we prove that for two agents, a weighted envy-free (and weighted proportional) allocation is likely to exist if $m = ω(\sqrt{r})$, where $r$ denotes the ratio between the two weights.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_21728
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Asymptotic Analysis of Weighted Fair Division
Manurangsi, Pasin
Suksompong, Warut
Yokoyama, Tomohiko
Computer Science and Game Theory
Discrete Mathematics
Probability
Several resource allocation settings involve agents with unequal entitlements represented by weights. We analyze weighted fair division from an asymptotic perspective: if $m$ items are divided among $n$ agents whose utilities are independently sampled from a probability distribution, when is it likely that a fair allocation exist? We show that if the ratio between the weights is bounded, a weighted envy-free allocation exists with high probability provided that $m = Ω(n\log n/\log\log n)$, generalizing a prior unweighted result. For weighted proportionality, we establish a sharp threshold of $m = n/(1-μ)$ for the transition from non-existence to existence, where $μ\in (0,1)$ denotes the mean of the distribution. In addition, we prove that for two agents, a weighted envy-free (and weighted proportional) allocation is likely to exist if $m = ω(\sqrt{r})$, where $r$ denotes the ratio between the two weights.
title Asymptotic Analysis of Weighted Fair Division
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
Discrete Mathematics
Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21728