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Main Authors: Han, Dezheng, Jia, Yibin, Chen, Ruxiao, Han, Wenjie, Guo, Shuaishuai, Wang, Jianbo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00017
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author Han, Dezheng
Jia, Yibin
Chen, Ruxiao
Han, Wenjie
Guo, Shuaishuai
Wang, Jianbo
author_facet Han, Dezheng
Jia, Yibin
Chen, Ruxiao
Han, Wenjie
Guo, Shuaishuai
Wang, Jianbo
contents With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), their application to cell type annotation has drawn increasing attention. However, general-purpose LLMs often face limitations in this specific task due to the lack of guidance from external domain knowledge. To enable more accurate and fully automated cell type annotation, we develop a globally connected knowledge graph comprising 18850 biological information nodes, including cell types, gene markers, features, and other related entities, along with 48,944 edges connecting these nodes, which is used by LLMs to retrieve entities associated with differential genes for cell reconstruction. Additionally, a multi-task reasoning workflow is designed to optimise the annotation process. Compared to general-purpose LLMs, our method improves human evaluation scores by up to 0.21 and semantic similarity by 6.1% across multiple tissue types, while more closely aligning with the cognitive logic of manual annotation. Meanwhile, it narrows the performance gap between large and small LLMs in cell type annotation, offering a paradigm for structured knowledge integration and reasoning in bioinformatics.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_00017
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle ReCellTy: Domain-Specific Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Augmented LLMs Reasoning Workflow for Single-Cell Annotation
Han, Dezheng
Jia, Yibin
Chen, Ruxiao
Han, Wenjie
Guo, Shuaishuai
Wang, Jianbo
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Databases
Machine Learning
With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), their application to cell type annotation has drawn increasing attention. However, general-purpose LLMs often face limitations in this specific task due to the lack of guidance from external domain knowledge. To enable more accurate and fully automated cell type annotation, we develop a globally connected knowledge graph comprising 18850 biological information nodes, including cell types, gene markers, features, and other related entities, along with 48,944 edges connecting these nodes, which is used by LLMs to retrieve entities associated with differential genes for cell reconstruction. Additionally, a multi-task reasoning workflow is designed to optimise the annotation process. Compared to general-purpose LLMs, our method improves human evaluation scores by up to 0.21 and semantic similarity by 6.1% across multiple tissue types, while more closely aligning with the cognitive logic of manual annotation. Meanwhile, it narrows the performance gap between large and small LLMs in cell type annotation, offering a paradigm for structured knowledge integration and reasoning in bioinformatics.
title ReCellTy: Domain-Specific Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Augmented LLMs Reasoning Workflow for Single-Cell Annotation
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Databases
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00017