Nemotron-Research-Tool-N1: Exploring Tool-Using Language Models with Reinforced Reasoning

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Hauptverfasser: Zhang, Shaokun, Dong, Yi, Zhang, Jieyu, Kautz, Jan, Catanzaro, Bryan, Tao, Andrew, Wu, Qingyun, Yu, Zhiding, Liu, Guilin
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Zhang, Shaokun
Dong, Yi
Zhang, Jieyu
Kautz, Jan
Catanzaro, Bryan
Tao, Andrew
Wu, Qingyun
Yu, Zhiding
Liu, Guilin
author_facet Zhang, Shaokun
Dong, Yi
Zhang, Jieyu
Kautz, Jan
Catanzaro, Bryan
Tao, Andrew
Wu, Qingyun
Yu, Zhiding
Liu, Guilin
contents Enabling large language models with external tools has become a pivotal strategy for extending their functionality beyond text space. To enhance LLMs' tool-calling abilities, previous approaches primarily rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with trajectories distilled from stronger models, often resulting in imitative reasoning that limits generalization. In this work, we explore rule-based reinforcement learning to enhance tool-calling in LLMs, resulting in Nemotron-Research-Tool-N1, a series of tool-calling reasoning models. Rather than enforcing supervision over intermediate distilled reasoning traces, Tool-N1 is trained with a binary RL reward that assesses only the format validity and functional correctness of tool invocations. This lightweight supervision allows the model to develop reasoning strategies independently, without relying on annotated trajectories. Experiments on several major benchmarks show that Tool-N1-7B/14B clearly outperform GPT-4o. We conduct a systematic study on the design of rule-based reinforcement learning strategies for training tool-calling models. Using 5,518 distilled reasoning trajectories, we compare SFT, RL, and the SFT-then-RL pipeline, finding that the widely adopted SFT-then-RL paradigm does not necessarily outperform pure RL.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_00024
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Nemotron-Research-Tool-N1: Exploring Tool-Using Language Models with Reinforced Reasoning
Zhang, Shaokun
Dong, Yi
Zhang, Jieyu
Kautz, Jan
Catanzaro, Bryan
Tao, Andrew
Wu, Qingyun
Yu, Zhiding
Liu, Guilin
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Enabling large language models with external tools has become a pivotal strategy for extending their functionality beyond text space. To enhance LLMs' tool-calling abilities, previous approaches primarily rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with trajectories distilled from stronger models, often resulting in imitative reasoning that limits generalization. In this work, we explore rule-based reinforcement learning to enhance tool-calling in LLMs, resulting in Nemotron-Research-Tool-N1, a series of tool-calling reasoning models. Rather than enforcing supervision over intermediate distilled reasoning traces, Tool-N1 is trained with a binary RL reward that assesses only the format validity and functional correctness of tool invocations. This lightweight supervision allows the model to develop reasoning strategies independently, without relying on annotated trajectories. Experiments on several major benchmarks show that Tool-N1-7B/14B clearly outperform GPT-4o. We conduct a systematic study on the design of rule-based reinforcement learning strategies for training tool-calling models. Using 5,518 distilled reasoning trajectories, we compare SFT, RL, and the SFT-then-RL pipeline, finding that the widely adopted SFT-then-RL paradigm does not necessarily outperform pure RL.
title Nemotron-Research-Tool-N1: Exploring Tool-Using Language Models with Reinforced Reasoning
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00024