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Extended TeV Halos May Commonly Exist around Middle-Aged Pulsars

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Desiati, P., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Goksu, H., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Iriarte, A., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., MartínezCastro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Najafi, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Omodei, N., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Willox, E., Zhou, H., de León, C.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Online Access:
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author Albert, A.
Alfaro, R.
Alvarez, C.
Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.
Rojas, D. Avila
Solares, H. A. Ayala
Babu, R.
Belmont-Moreno, E.
Bernal, A.
Caballero-Mora, K. S.
Capistrán, T.
Carramiñana, A.
Casanova, S.
Cotti, U.
Cotzomi, J.
de León, S. Coutiño
De la Fuente, E.
Depaoli, D.
Desiati, P.
Di Lalla, N.
Hernandez, R. Diaz
Dingus, B. L.
DuVernois, M. A.
Díaz-Vélez, J. C.
Engel, K.
Espinoza, C.
Fan, K. L.
Fraija, N.
García-González, J. A.
Garfias, F.
Goksu, H.
González, M. M.
Goodman, J. A.
Groetsch, S.
Harding, J. P.
Hernández-Cadena, S.
Herzog, I.
Huang, D.
Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.
Iriarte, A.
Kaufmann, S.
Kieda, D.
Lee, J.
Vargas, H. León
Linnemann, J. T.
Longinotti, A. L.
Luis-Raya, G.
Malone, K.
Martinez, O.
MartínezCastro, J.
Matthews, J. A.
Miranda-Romagnoli, P.
Morales-Soto, J. A.
Moreno, E.
Mostafá, M.
Najafi, M.
Nayerhoda, A.
Nellen, L.
Nisa, M. U.
Omodei, N.
Araujo, Y. Pérez
Pérez-Pérez, E. G.
Rho, C. D.
Rosa-González, D.
Ruiz-Velasco, E.
Salazar, H.
Salazar-Gallegos, D.
Sandoval, A.
Schneider, M.
Serna-Franco, J.
Son, Y.
Springer, R. W.
Tibolla, O.
Tollefson, K.
Torres, I.
Torres-Escobedo, R.
Turner, R.
Ureña-Mena, F.
Varela, E.
Villaseñor, L.
Wang, X.
Willox, E.
Zhou, H.
de León, C.
author_facet Albert, A.
Alfaro, R.
Alvarez, C.
Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.
Rojas, D. Avila
Solares, H. A. Ayala
Babu, R.
Belmont-Moreno, E.
Bernal, A.
Caballero-Mora, K. S.
Capistrán, T.
Carramiñana, A.
Casanova, S.
Cotti, U.
Cotzomi, J.
de León, S. Coutiño
De la Fuente, E.
Depaoli, D.
Desiati, P.
Di Lalla, N.
Hernandez, R. Diaz
Dingus, B. L.
DuVernois, M. A.
Díaz-Vélez, J. C.
Engel, K.
Espinoza, C.
Fan, K. L.
Fraija, N.
García-González, J. A.
Garfias, F.
Goksu, H.
González, M. M.
Goodman, J. A.
Groetsch, S.
Harding, J. P.
Hernández-Cadena, S.
Herzog, I.
Huang, D.
Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.
Iriarte, A.
Kaufmann, S.
Kieda, D.
Lee, J.
Vargas, H. León
Linnemann, J. T.
Longinotti, A. L.
Luis-Raya, G.
Malone, K.
Martinez, O.
MartínezCastro, J.
Matthews, J. A.
Miranda-Romagnoli, P.
Morales-Soto, J. A.
Moreno, E.
Mostafá, M.
Najafi, M.
Nayerhoda, A.
Nellen, L.
Nisa, M. U.
Omodei, N.
Araujo, Y. Pérez
Pérez-Pérez, E. G.
Rho, C. D.
Rosa-González, D.
Ruiz-Velasco, E.
Salazar, H.
Salazar-Gallegos, D.
Sandoval, A.
Schneider, M.
Serna-Franco, J.
Son, Y.
Springer, R. W.
Tibolla, O.
Tollefson, K.
Torres, I.
Torres-Escobedo, R.
Turner, R.
Ureña-Mena, F.
Varela, E.
Villaseñor, L.
Wang, X.
Willox, E.
Zhou, H.
de León, C.
contents Extended gamma-ray emission around isolated pulsars at TeV energies, also known as TeV halos, have been found around a handful of middle-aged pulsars. The halos are significantly more extended than their pulsar wind nebulae but much smaller than the particle diffusion length in the interstellar medium. The origin of TeV halos is unknown. Interpretations invoke either local effects related to the environment of a pulsar or generic particle transport behaviors. The latter scenario predicts that TeV halos would be a universal phenomena for all pulsars. We searched for extended gamma-ray emission around 36 isolated middle-aged pulsars identified by radio and gamma-ray facilities using 2321 days of data from the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. Through a stacking analysis comparing TeV flux models against a background-only hypothesis, we identified TeV halo-like emission at a significance level of $5.10\,σ$. Our results imply that extended TeV gamma-ray halos may commonly exist around middle-aged pulsars. This reveals a previously unknown feature about pulsars and opens a new window to identify the pulsar population that is invisible to radio, x-ray, and GeV gamma-ray observations due to magnetospheric configurations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_00175
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Extended TeV Halos May Commonly Exist around Middle-Aged Pulsars
Albert, A.
Alfaro, R.
Alvarez, C.
Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.
Rojas, D. Avila
Solares, H. A. Ayala
Babu, R.
Belmont-Moreno, E.
Bernal, A.
Caballero-Mora, K. S.
Capistrán, T.
Carramiñana, A.
Casanova, S.
Cotti, U.
Cotzomi, J.
de León, S. Coutiño
De la Fuente, E.
Depaoli, D.
Desiati, P.
Di Lalla, N.
Hernandez, R. Diaz
Dingus, B. L.
DuVernois, M. A.
Díaz-Vélez, J. C.
Engel, K.
Espinoza, C.
Fan, K. L.
Fraija, N.
García-González, J. A.
Garfias, F.
Goksu, H.
González, M. M.
Goodman, J. A.
Groetsch, S.
Harding, J. P.
Hernández-Cadena, S.
Herzog, I.
Huang, D.
Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.
Iriarte, A.
Kaufmann, S.
Kieda, D.
Lee, J.
Vargas, H. León
Linnemann, J. T.
Longinotti, A. L.
Luis-Raya, G.
Malone, K.
Martinez, O.
MartínezCastro, J.
Matthews, J. A.
Miranda-Romagnoli, P.
Morales-Soto, J. A.
Moreno, E.
Mostafá, M.
Najafi, M.
Nayerhoda, A.
Nellen, L.
Nisa, M. U.
Omodei, N.
Araujo, Y. Pérez
Pérez-Pérez, E. G.
Rho, C. D.
Rosa-González, D.
Ruiz-Velasco, E.
Salazar, H.
Salazar-Gallegos, D.
Sandoval, A.
Schneider, M.
Serna-Franco, J.
Son, Y.
Springer, R. W.
Tibolla, O.
Tollefson, K.
Torres, I.
Torres-Escobedo, R.
Turner, R.
Ureña-Mena, F.
Varela, E.
Villaseñor, L.
Wang, X.
Willox, E.
Zhou, H.
de León, C.
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Extended gamma-ray emission around isolated pulsars at TeV energies, also known as TeV halos, have been found around a handful of middle-aged pulsars. The halos are significantly more extended than their pulsar wind nebulae but much smaller than the particle diffusion length in the interstellar medium. The origin of TeV halos is unknown. Interpretations invoke either local effects related to the environment of a pulsar or generic particle transport behaviors. The latter scenario predicts that TeV halos would be a universal phenomena for all pulsars. We searched for extended gamma-ray emission around 36 isolated middle-aged pulsars identified by radio and gamma-ray facilities using 2321 days of data from the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. Through a stacking analysis comparing TeV flux models against a background-only hypothesis, we identified TeV halo-like emission at a significance level of $5.10\,σ$. Our results imply that extended TeV gamma-ray halos may commonly exist around middle-aged pulsars. This reveals a previously unknown feature about pulsars and opens a new window to identify the pulsar population that is invisible to radio, x-ray, and GeV gamma-ray observations due to magnetospheric configurations.
title Extended TeV Halos May Commonly Exist around Middle-Aged Pulsars
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00175

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