Very Late-Time JWST and Keck Spectra of the Oxygen-Rich Supernova 1995N
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Clayton, Geoffrey C. Wesson, R. Fox, Ori D. Shahbandeh, Melissa Filippenko, Alexei V. Nickson, Bryony Engesser, Michael Van Dyk, Schuyler D. Zheng, WeiKang Brink, Thomas G. Yang, Yi Temim, Tea Smith, Nathan Andrews, Jennifer Ashall, Chris De Looze, Ilse Derkacy, James M. Dessart, Luc Dulude, Michael Dwek, Eli Foley, Ryan J. Gezari, Suvi Gomez, Sebastian Gonzaga, Shireen Indukuri, Siva Jencson, Jacob Johansson, Joel Kasliwal, Mansi Lane, Zachary G. Lau, Ryan Law, David Marston, Anthony Milisavljevic, Dan O'Steen, Richard Pierel, Justin Rest, Armin Sarangi, Arkaprabha Siebert, Matthew Skrutskie, Michael Strolger, Lou Szalai, Tamas Tinyanont, Samaporn Wang, Qinan Williams, Brian Xiao, Lin Zsiros, Szanna |
| author_facet | Clayton, Geoffrey C. Wesson, R. Fox, Ori D. Shahbandeh, Melissa Filippenko, Alexei V. Nickson, Bryony Engesser, Michael Van Dyk, Schuyler D. Zheng, WeiKang Brink, Thomas G. Yang, Yi Temim, Tea Smith, Nathan Andrews, Jennifer Ashall, Chris De Looze, Ilse Derkacy, James M. Dessart, Luc Dulude, Michael Dwek, Eli Foley, Ryan J. Gezari, Suvi Gomez, Sebastian Gonzaga, Shireen Indukuri, Siva Jencson, Jacob Johansson, Joel Kasliwal, Mansi Lane, Zachary G. Lau, Ryan Law, David Marston, Anthony Milisavljevic, Dan O'Steen, Richard Pierel, Justin Rest, Armin Sarangi, Arkaprabha Siebert, Matthew Skrutskie, Michael Strolger, Lou Szalai, Tamas Tinyanont, Samaporn Wang, Qinan Williams, Brian Xiao, Lin Zsiros, Szanna |
| contents | We present new {\it JWST}/MIRI MRS and Keck spectra of SN 1995N obtained in 2022--2023, more than 10,000 days after the supernova (SN) explosion. These spectra are among the latest direct detections of a core-collapse SN, both through emission lines in the optical and thermal continuum from infrared dust emission. The new infrared data show that dust heating from radiation produced by the ejecta interacting with circumstellar matter is still present, but greatly reduced from when SN 1995N was observed by the {\it Spitzer Space Telescope} and {\it WISE} in 2009/2010 and 2018, when the dust mass was estimated to be 0.4 M(Sun). New radiative-transfer modeling suggests that the dust mass and grain size may have increased between 2010 and 2023. The new data can alternatively be well fit with a dust mass of 0.4 M(Sun) and a much reduced heating source luminosity. The new late-time spectra show unusually strong oxygen forbidden lines, stronger than the H-alpha emission. This indicates that SN 1995N may have exploded as a stripped-envelope SN which then interacted with a massive H-rich circumstellar shell, changing it from intrinsically Type Ib/c to Type IIn. The late-time spectrum results when the reverse shock begins to excite the inner H-poor, O-rich ejecta. This change in the spectrum is rarely seen, but marks the start of the transition from SN to SN remnant. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_01574 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Very Late-Time JWST and Keck Spectra of the Oxygen-Rich Supernova 1995N Clayton, Geoffrey C. Wesson, R. Fox, Ori D. Shahbandeh, Melissa Filippenko, Alexei V. Nickson, Bryony Engesser, Michael Van Dyk, Schuyler D. Zheng, WeiKang Brink, Thomas G. Yang, Yi Temim, Tea Smith, Nathan Andrews, Jennifer Ashall, Chris De Looze, Ilse Derkacy, James M. Dessart, Luc Dulude, Michael Dwek, Eli Foley, Ryan J. Gezari, Suvi Gomez, Sebastian Gonzaga, Shireen Indukuri, Siva Jencson, Jacob Johansson, Joel Kasliwal, Mansi Lane, Zachary G. Lau, Ryan Law, David Marston, Anthony Milisavljevic, Dan O'Steen, Richard Pierel, Justin Rest, Armin Sarangi, Arkaprabha Siebert, Matthew Skrutskie, Michael Strolger, Lou Szalai, Tamas Tinyanont, Samaporn Wang, Qinan Williams, Brian Xiao, Lin Zsiros, Szanna Solar and Stellar Astrophysics We present new {\it JWST}/MIRI MRS and Keck spectra of SN 1995N obtained in 2022--2023, more than 10,000 days after the supernova (SN) explosion. These spectra are among the latest direct detections of a core-collapse SN, both through emission lines in the optical and thermal continuum from infrared dust emission. The new infrared data show that dust heating from radiation produced by the ejecta interacting with circumstellar matter is still present, but greatly reduced from when SN 1995N was observed by the {\it Spitzer Space Telescope} and {\it WISE} in 2009/2010 and 2018, when the dust mass was estimated to be 0.4 M(Sun). New radiative-transfer modeling suggests that the dust mass and grain size may have increased between 2010 and 2023. The new data can alternatively be well fit with a dust mass of 0.4 M(Sun) and a much reduced heating source luminosity. The new late-time spectra show unusually strong oxygen forbidden lines, stronger than the H-alpha emission. This indicates that SN 1995N may have exploded as a stripped-envelope SN which then interacted with a massive H-rich circumstellar shell, changing it from intrinsically Type Ib/c to Type IIn. The late-time spectrum results when the reverse shock begins to excite the inner H-poor, O-rich ejecta. This change in the spectrum is rarely seen, but marks the start of the transition from SN to SN remnant. |
| title | Very Late-Time JWST and Keck Spectra of the Oxygen-Rich Supernova 1995N |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.01574 |