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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.01832 |
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| _version_ | 1866910927289319424 |
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| author | Agudo, Ivan Liodakis, Ioannis Otero-Santos, Jorge Middei, Riccardo Marscher, Alan Jorstad, Svetlana Zhang, Haocheng Li, Hui Di Gesu, Laura Romani, Roger W. Kim, Dawoon E. Fenu, Francesco Marshall, Herman L. Pacciani, Luigi Pedrosa, Juan Escudero Aceituno, Francisco Jose Agis-Gonzalez, Beatriz Bonnoli, Giacomo Casanova, Victor Morcuende, Daniel Piirola, Vilppu Sota, Alfredo Kouch, Pouya M. Lindfors, Elina McCall, Callum Jermak, Helen E. Steele, Iain A. Borman, George A. Grishina, Tatiana S. Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A. Kopatskaya, Evgenia N. Larionova, Elena G. Morozova, Daria A. Savchenko, Sergey S. Shishkina, Ekaterina V. Troitskiy, Ivan S. Troitskaya, Yulia V. Vasilyev, Andrey A. Zhovtan, Alexey V. Myserlis, Ioannis Gurwell, Mark Keating, Garrett Rao, Ramprasad Kang, Sincheol Lee, Sang-Sung Kim, Sanghyun Cheong, Whee Yeon Jeong, Hyeon-Woo Angelakis, Emmanouil Kraus, Alexander Blinov, Dmitry Maharana, Siddharth Bachev, Rumen Jormanainen, Jenni Nilsson, Kari Ramazani, Vandad Fallah Casadio, Carolina Fuentes, Antonio Traianou, Efthalia Thum, Clemens Gomez, Jose L. Antonelli, Lucio Angelo Bachetti, Matteo Baldini, Luca Baumgartner, Wayne H. Bellazzini, Ronaldo Bianchi, Stefano Bongiorno, Stephen D. Bonino, Raffaella Brez, Alessandro Bucciantini, Niccolo Capitanio, Fiamma Castellano, Simone Cavazzuti, Elisabetta Chen, Chien-Ting Ciprini, Stefano Costa, Enrico De Rosa, Alessandra Del Monte, Ettore Di Lalla, Niccolo Di Marco, Alessandro Donnarumma, Immacolata Doroshenko, Victor Dovciak, Michal Ehlert, Steven R. Enoto, Teruaki Evangelista, Yuri Fabiani, Sergio Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Garcia, Javier A. Gunji, Shuichi Hayashida, Kiyoshi Heyl, Jeremy Iwakiri, Wataru Kaaret, Philip Karas, Vladimir Kislat, Fabian Kitaguchi, Takao Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Krawczynski, Henric La Monaca, Fabio Latronico, Luca Maldera, Simone Manfreda, Alberto Marin, Frederic Marinucci, Andrea Massaro, Francesco Matt, Giorgio Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Mizuno, Tsunefumi Muleri, Fabio Negro, Michela Ng, Chi-Yung O'Dell, Stephen L. Omodei, Nicola Oppedisano, Chiara Papitto, Alessandro Pavlov, George G. Peirson, Abel L. Perri, Matteo Pesce-Rollins, Melissa Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier Pilia, Maura Possenti, Andrea Poutanen, Juri Puccetti, Simonetta Ramsey, Brian D. Rankin, John Ratheesh, Ajay Roberts, Oliver J. Sgro, Carmelo Slane, Patrick Soffitta, Paolo Spandre, Gloria Swartz, Douglas A. Tamagawa, Toru Tavecchio, Fabrizio Taverna, Roberto Tawara, Yuzuru Tennant, Allyn F. Thomas, Nicholas E. Tombesi, Francesco Trois, Alessio Tsygankov, Sergey S. Turolla, Roberto Vink, Jacco Weisskopf, Martin C. Wu, Kinwah Xie, Fei Zane, Silvia |
| author_facet | Agudo, Ivan Liodakis, Ioannis Otero-Santos, Jorge Middei, Riccardo Marscher, Alan Jorstad, Svetlana Zhang, Haocheng Li, Hui Di Gesu, Laura Romani, Roger W. Kim, Dawoon E. Fenu, Francesco Marshall, Herman L. Pacciani, Luigi Pedrosa, Juan Escudero Aceituno, Francisco Jose Agis-Gonzalez, Beatriz Bonnoli, Giacomo Casanova, Victor Morcuende, Daniel Piirola, Vilppu Sota, Alfredo Kouch, Pouya M. Lindfors, Elina McCall, Callum Jermak, Helen E. Steele, Iain A. Borman, George A. Grishina, Tatiana S. Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A. Kopatskaya, Evgenia N. Larionova, Elena G. Morozova, Daria A. Savchenko, Sergey S. Shishkina, Ekaterina V. Troitskiy, Ivan S. Troitskaya, Yulia V. Vasilyev, Andrey A. Zhovtan, Alexey V. Myserlis, Ioannis Gurwell, Mark Keating, Garrett Rao, Ramprasad Kang, Sincheol Lee, Sang-Sung Kim, Sanghyun Cheong, Whee Yeon Jeong, Hyeon-Woo Angelakis, Emmanouil Kraus, Alexander Blinov, Dmitry Maharana, Siddharth Bachev, Rumen Jormanainen, Jenni Nilsson, Kari Ramazani, Vandad Fallah Casadio, Carolina Fuentes, Antonio Traianou, Efthalia Thum, Clemens Gomez, Jose L. Antonelli, Lucio Angelo Bachetti, Matteo Baldini, Luca Baumgartner, Wayne H. Bellazzini, Ronaldo Bianchi, Stefano Bongiorno, Stephen D. Bonino, Raffaella Brez, Alessandro Bucciantini, Niccolo Capitanio, Fiamma Castellano, Simone Cavazzuti, Elisabetta Chen, Chien-Ting Ciprini, Stefano Costa, Enrico De Rosa, Alessandra Del Monte, Ettore Di Lalla, Niccolo Di Marco, Alessandro Donnarumma, Immacolata Doroshenko, Victor Dovciak, Michal Ehlert, Steven R. Enoto, Teruaki Evangelista, Yuri Fabiani, Sergio Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Garcia, Javier A. Gunji, Shuichi Hayashida, Kiyoshi Heyl, Jeremy Iwakiri, Wataru Kaaret, Philip Karas, Vladimir Kislat, Fabian Kitaguchi, Takao Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Krawczynski, Henric La Monaca, Fabio Latronico, Luca Maldera, Simone Manfreda, Alberto Marin, Frederic Marinucci, Andrea Massaro, Francesco Matt, Giorgio Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Mizuno, Tsunefumi Muleri, Fabio Negro, Michela Ng, Chi-Yung O'Dell, Stephen L. Omodei, Nicola Oppedisano, Chiara Papitto, Alessandro Pavlov, George G. Peirson, Abel L. Perri, Matteo Pesce-Rollins, Melissa Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier Pilia, Maura Possenti, Andrea Poutanen, Juri Puccetti, Simonetta Ramsey, Brian D. Rankin, John Ratheesh, Ajay Roberts, Oliver J. Sgro, Carmelo Slane, Patrick Soffitta, Paolo Spandre, Gloria Swartz, Douglas A. Tamagawa, Toru Tavecchio, Fabrizio Taverna, Roberto Tawara, Yuzuru Tennant, Allyn F. Thomas, Nicholas E. Tombesi, Francesco Trois, Alessio Tsygankov, Sergey S. Turolla, Roberto Vink, Jacco Weisskopf, Martin C. Wu, Kinwah Xie, Fei Zane, Silvia |
| contents | Blazars, supermassive black hole systems (SMBHs) with highly relativistic jets aligned with the line of sight, are the most powerful long-lived emitters of electromagnetic emission in the Universe. We report here on a radio to gamma-ray multiwavelength campaign on the blazar BL Lacertae with unprecedented polarimetric coverage from radio to X-ray wavelengths. The observations caught an extraordinary event on 2023 November 10-18, when the degree of linear polarization of optical synchrotron radiation reached a record value of 47.5%. In stark contrast, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) found that the X-ray (Compton scattering or hadron-induced) emission was polarized at less than 7.4% (3sigma confidence level). We argue here that this observational result rules out a hadronic origin of the high energy emission, and strongly favors a leptonic (Compton scattering) origin, thereby breaking the degeneracy between hadronic and leptonic emission models for BL Lacertae and demonstrating the power of multiwavelength polarimetry to address this question. Furthermore, the multiwavelength flux and polarization variability, featuring an extremely prominent rise and decay of the optical polarization degree, is interpreted for the first time by the relaxation of a magnetic "spring" embedded in the newly injected plasma. This suggests that the plasma jet can maintain a predominant toroidal magnetic field component parsecs away from the central engine. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_01832 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | High optical to X-ray polarization ratio reveals Compton scattering in BL Lacertae's jet Agudo, Ivan Liodakis, Ioannis Otero-Santos, Jorge Middei, Riccardo Marscher, Alan Jorstad, Svetlana Zhang, Haocheng Li, Hui Di Gesu, Laura Romani, Roger W. Kim, Dawoon E. Fenu, Francesco Marshall, Herman L. Pacciani, Luigi Pedrosa, Juan Escudero Aceituno, Francisco Jose Agis-Gonzalez, Beatriz Bonnoli, Giacomo Casanova, Victor Morcuende, Daniel Piirola, Vilppu Sota, Alfredo Kouch, Pouya M. Lindfors, Elina McCall, Callum Jermak, Helen E. Steele, Iain A. Borman, George A. Grishina, Tatiana S. Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A. Kopatskaya, Evgenia N. Larionova, Elena G. Morozova, Daria A. Savchenko, Sergey S. Shishkina, Ekaterina V. Troitskiy, Ivan S. Troitskaya, Yulia V. Vasilyev, Andrey A. Zhovtan, Alexey V. Myserlis, Ioannis Gurwell, Mark Keating, Garrett Rao, Ramprasad Kang, Sincheol Lee, Sang-Sung Kim, Sanghyun Cheong, Whee Yeon Jeong, Hyeon-Woo Angelakis, Emmanouil Kraus, Alexander Blinov, Dmitry Maharana, Siddharth Bachev, Rumen Jormanainen, Jenni Nilsson, Kari Ramazani, Vandad Fallah Casadio, Carolina Fuentes, Antonio Traianou, Efthalia Thum, Clemens Gomez, Jose L. Antonelli, Lucio Angelo Bachetti, Matteo Baldini, Luca Baumgartner, Wayne H. Bellazzini, Ronaldo Bianchi, Stefano Bongiorno, Stephen D. Bonino, Raffaella Brez, Alessandro Bucciantini, Niccolo Capitanio, Fiamma Castellano, Simone Cavazzuti, Elisabetta Chen, Chien-Ting Ciprini, Stefano Costa, Enrico De Rosa, Alessandra Del Monte, Ettore Di Lalla, Niccolo Di Marco, Alessandro Donnarumma, Immacolata Doroshenko, Victor Dovciak, Michal Ehlert, Steven R. Enoto, Teruaki Evangelista, Yuri Fabiani, Sergio Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Garcia, Javier A. Gunji, Shuichi Hayashida, Kiyoshi Heyl, Jeremy Iwakiri, Wataru Kaaret, Philip Karas, Vladimir Kislat, Fabian Kitaguchi, Takao Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Krawczynski, Henric La Monaca, Fabio Latronico, Luca Maldera, Simone Manfreda, Alberto Marin, Frederic Marinucci, Andrea Massaro, Francesco Matt, Giorgio Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Mizuno, Tsunefumi Muleri, Fabio Negro, Michela Ng, Chi-Yung O'Dell, Stephen L. Omodei, Nicola Oppedisano, Chiara Papitto, Alessandro Pavlov, George G. Peirson, Abel L. Perri, Matteo Pesce-Rollins, Melissa Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier Pilia, Maura Possenti, Andrea Poutanen, Juri Puccetti, Simonetta Ramsey, Brian D. Rankin, John Ratheesh, Ajay Roberts, Oliver J. Sgro, Carmelo Slane, Patrick Soffitta, Paolo Spandre, Gloria Swartz, Douglas A. Tamagawa, Toru Tavecchio, Fabrizio Taverna, Roberto Tawara, Yuzuru Tennant, Allyn F. Thomas, Nicholas E. Tombesi, Francesco Trois, Alessio Tsygankov, Sergey S. Turolla, Roberto Vink, Jacco Weisskopf, Martin C. Wu, Kinwah Xie, Fei Zane, Silvia High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies Blazars, supermassive black hole systems (SMBHs) with highly relativistic jets aligned with the line of sight, are the most powerful long-lived emitters of electromagnetic emission in the Universe. We report here on a radio to gamma-ray multiwavelength campaign on the blazar BL Lacertae with unprecedented polarimetric coverage from radio to X-ray wavelengths. The observations caught an extraordinary event on 2023 November 10-18, when the degree of linear polarization of optical synchrotron radiation reached a record value of 47.5%. In stark contrast, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) found that the X-ray (Compton scattering or hadron-induced) emission was polarized at less than 7.4% (3sigma confidence level). We argue here that this observational result rules out a hadronic origin of the high energy emission, and strongly favors a leptonic (Compton scattering) origin, thereby breaking the degeneracy between hadronic and leptonic emission models for BL Lacertae and demonstrating the power of multiwavelength polarimetry to address this question. Furthermore, the multiwavelength flux and polarization variability, featuring an extremely prominent rise and decay of the optical polarization degree, is interpreted for the first time by the relaxation of a magnetic "spring" embedded in the newly injected plasma. This suggests that the plasma jet can maintain a predominant toroidal magnetic field component parsecs away from the central engine. |
| title | High optical to X-ray polarization ratio reveals Compton scattering in BL Lacertae's jet |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.01832 |