The 2023 outburst of the Gaia alerted EXor Gaia23bab
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Nagy, Zsófia Kóspál, Ágnes Ábrahám, Péter Giannini, Teresa Kun, Mária Gangi, Manuele de Miera, Fernando Cruz-Sáenz Kuhn, Michael Siwak, Michał Szilágyi, Máté Fiorellino, Eleonora Antoniucci, Simone Biazzo, Katia Bódi, Attila Bora, Zsófia Cseh, Borbála Dróżdż, Marek Horti-Dávid, Ágoston Joó, András Péter Kalup, Csilla Kotysz, Krzysztof Kriskovics, Levente Marton, Gábor Mikołajczyk, Przemysław J. Nisini, Brunella Pál, András Seli, Bálint Sódor, Ádám Szabados, László Szabó, Norton Olivér Szabó, Zsófia Marianna Szakáts, Róbert Varga, Vázsony Vinkó, József Wyrzykowski, Łukasz Zieliński, Paweł |
| author_facet | Nagy, Zsófia Kóspál, Ágnes Ábrahám, Péter Giannini, Teresa Kun, Mária Gangi, Manuele de Miera, Fernando Cruz-Sáenz Kuhn, Michael Siwak, Michał Szilágyi, Máté Fiorellino, Eleonora Antoniucci, Simone Biazzo, Katia Bódi, Attila Bora, Zsófia Cseh, Borbála Dróżdż, Marek Horti-Dávid, Ágoston Joó, András Péter Kalup, Csilla Kotysz, Krzysztof Kriskovics, Levente Marton, Gábor Mikołajczyk, Przemysław J. Nisini, Brunella Pál, András Seli, Bálint Sódor, Ádám Szabados, László Szabó, Norton Olivér Szabó, Zsófia Marianna Szakáts, Róbert Varga, Vázsony Vinkó, József Wyrzykowski, Łukasz Zieliński, Paweł |
| contents | Episodic accretion is a fundamental process in the build-up of the stellar mass. EX Lupi-type eruptive young stars (EXors) represent one of the main types of episodic accretion. We study the recently discovered EXor Gaia23bab during its 2023 outburst. We obtained optical and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy to probe the variation of the physical properties of Gaia23bab during its recent outburst. We also collected archival photometry to study a previous outburst of the star. We used several accretion tracers, including the Ca II triplet, He I, and various hydrogen lines from the Paschen and Brackett series, to measure the accretion rate during the outburst. The accretion rate is consistent with $\sim 2.0 \times 10^{-7} M_\odot$ $\rm{yr}^{-1}$. Comparing the line fluxes of the hydrogen Brackett series to predictions of Case B theory suggests excitation temperatures of 5000 - 10000 K and electron densities of $10^9$-$10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$. Comparison to the predictions of a model for T Tauri stars revealed that the fluxes of the Balmer series are consistent with temperatures of 5000 - 12500 K and a hydrogen density of $10^8$ cm$^{-3}$, while the fluxes of the Paschen series are consistent with temperatures in the range between 10000 and 12500 K and a hydrogen density of $10^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$. The derived temperatures and densities confirm that Gaia23bab is a prototypical EXor, not only due to its accretion rate, but also based on the best fit temperatures and densities revealed by the detected hydrogen lines. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_02227 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The 2023 outburst of the Gaia alerted EXor Gaia23bab Nagy, Zsófia Kóspál, Ágnes Ábrahám, Péter Giannini, Teresa Kun, Mária Gangi, Manuele de Miera, Fernando Cruz-Sáenz Kuhn, Michael Siwak, Michał Szilágyi, Máté Fiorellino, Eleonora Antoniucci, Simone Biazzo, Katia Bódi, Attila Bora, Zsófia Cseh, Borbála Dróżdż, Marek Horti-Dávid, Ágoston Joó, András Péter Kalup, Csilla Kotysz, Krzysztof Kriskovics, Levente Marton, Gábor Mikołajczyk, Przemysław J. Nisini, Brunella Pál, András Seli, Bálint Sódor, Ádám Szabados, László Szabó, Norton Olivér Szabó, Zsófia Marianna Szakáts, Róbert Varga, Vázsony Vinkó, József Wyrzykowski, Łukasz Zieliński, Paweł Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies Episodic accretion is a fundamental process in the build-up of the stellar mass. EX Lupi-type eruptive young stars (EXors) represent one of the main types of episodic accretion. We study the recently discovered EXor Gaia23bab during its 2023 outburst. We obtained optical and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy to probe the variation of the physical properties of Gaia23bab during its recent outburst. We also collected archival photometry to study a previous outburst of the star. We used several accretion tracers, including the Ca II triplet, He I, and various hydrogen lines from the Paschen and Brackett series, to measure the accretion rate during the outburst. The accretion rate is consistent with $\sim 2.0 \times 10^{-7} M_\odot$ $\rm{yr}^{-1}$. Comparing the line fluxes of the hydrogen Brackett series to predictions of Case B theory suggests excitation temperatures of 5000 - 10000 K and electron densities of $10^9$-$10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$. Comparison to the predictions of a model for T Tauri stars revealed that the fluxes of the Balmer series are consistent with temperatures of 5000 - 12500 K and a hydrogen density of $10^8$ cm$^{-3}$, while the fluxes of the Paschen series are consistent with temperatures in the range between 10000 and 12500 K and a hydrogen density of $10^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$. The derived temperatures and densities confirm that Gaia23bab is a prototypical EXor, not only due to its accretion rate, but also based on the best fit temperatures and densities revealed by the detected hydrogen lines. |
| title | The 2023 outburst of the Gaia alerted EXor Gaia23bab |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02227 |