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Main Authors:	Ahn, J. K., Augustine, E., Bandiera, L., Bian, J., Brizioli, F., Canale, N., Carini, G. A., Chobanova, V., D'Ambrosio, G., Dainton, J. B., De Capua, S., Fedeli, P., Gianoli, A., Glazov, A., Gonzalez, M., Goudzovski, E., Homma, M., Hsiung, Y. B., Husek, T., Iyer, A. M., Kim, E. J., Kim, C., Komatsubara, T. K., Kotera, K., Kreps, M., Lazzeroni, C., Lim, G. Y., Lim, S., Lin, C., Mahmoudi, F., Malagutti, L., Santos, D. Martinez, Massri, K., Matsumura, T., Mazzolari, A., Moulson, M., Nanjo, H., Negrello, R., Neshatpour, S., Nomura, T., Ogawa, D., Ono, K., Paternò, G., Pepe, M., Peruzzo, L., Protopopescu, D., Redeker, J., Romagnoni, M., Romano, A., Rostomyan, A., Shaikhiev, A., Shiomi, K., Shiraishi, R., Soldani, M., Stillwell, B., Swallow, J., Sytov, A., Tajima, Y., Tomczak, A., Tung, Y. C., Wah, Y. W., Wanke, R., Watanabe, H., Yamanaka, T., Yang, G.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	High Energy Physics - Experiment
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02568
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_version_	1866913820400680960
author	Ahn, J. K. Augustine, E. Bandiera, L. Bian, J. Brizioli, F. Canale, N. Carini, G. A. Chobanova, V. D'Ambrosio, G. Dainton, J. B. De Capua, S. Fedeli, P. Gianoli, A. Glazov, A. Gonzalez, M. Goudzovski, E. Homma, M. Hsiung, Y. B. Husek, T. Iyer, A. M. Kim, E. J. Kim, C. Komatsubara, T. K. Kotera, K. Kreps, M. Lazzeroni, C. Lim, G. Y. Lim, S. Lin, C. Mahmoudi, F. Malagutti, L. Santos, D. Martinez Massri, K. Matsumura, T. Mazzolari, A. Moulson, M. Nanjo, H. Negrello, R. Neshatpour, S. Nomura, T. Ogawa, D. Ono, K. Paternò, G. Pepe, M. Peruzzo, L. Protopopescu, D. Redeker, J. Romagnoni, M. Romano, A. Rostomyan, A. Shaikhiev, A. Shiomi, K. Shiraishi, R. Soldani, M. Stillwell, B. Swallow, J. Sytov, A. Tajima, Y. Tomczak, A. Tung, Y. C. Wah, Y. W. Wanke, R. Watanabe, H. Yamanaka, T. Yang, G.
author_facet	Ahn, J. K. Augustine, E. Bandiera, L. Bian, J. Brizioli, F. Canale, N. Carini, G. A. Chobanova, V. D'Ambrosio, G. Dainton, J. B. De Capua, S. Fedeli, P. Gianoli, A. Glazov, A. Gonzalez, M. Goudzovski, E. Homma, M. Hsiung, Y. B. Husek, T. Iyer, A. M. Kim, E. J. Kim, C. Komatsubara, T. K. Kotera, K. Kreps, M. Lazzeroni, C. Lim, G. Y. Lim, S. Lin, C. Mahmoudi, F. Malagutti, L. Santos, D. Martinez Massri, K. Matsumura, T. Mazzolari, A. Moulson, M. Nanjo, H. Negrello, R. Neshatpour, S. Nomura, T. Ogawa, D. Ono, K. Paternò, G. Pepe, M. Peruzzo, L. Protopopescu, D. Redeker, J. Romagnoni, M. Romano, A. Rostomyan, A. Shaikhiev, A. Shiomi, K. Shiraishi, R. Soldani, M. Stillwell, B. Swallow, J. Sytov, A. Tajima, Y. Tomczak, A. Tung, Y. C. Wah, Y. W. Wanke, R. Watanabe, H. Yamanaka, T. Yang, G.
contents	The rare kaon decay $K_L\toπ^0ν\barν$ is extremely sensitive to new physics, because the contribution to this decay in the Standard Model (SM) is highly suppressed and known very accurately; the branching ratio is $3\times 10^{-11}$ in the SM with a theoretical uncertainty of just 2%. The measurement of this branching ratio could provide essential new information about the flavor structure of the quark sector from the $s\to d$ transition. The decay is being searched for in the KOTO experiment at J-PARC, which has obtained the current best upper limit on the branching ratio of $2.2\times 10^{-9}$; a sensitivity to branching ratios below $10^{-10}$ is achievable by the end of the decade. A next-generation experiment at J-PARC, KOTO II, was proposed in 2024 with 82 members worldwide, including significant contributions from European members. The goal of KOTO II is to measure the $K_L\toπ^0ν\barν$ branching ratio with sensitivity below $10^{-12}$ in the 2030s. Discovery of the decay with $5σ$ significance is achievable at the SM value of the branching ratio. An indication of new physics with a significance of 90% is possible if the observed branching ratio differs by 40% from the SM value. Another important goal of KOTO II is to measure the branching ratio of the unobserved $K_L\to π^0e^+e^-$ decay, which can give an input to flavor structures of new physics. Other rare $K_L$ decays and hidden-sector particles are also in the scope of the study. After 2026, KOTO will be the only dedicated rare kaon decay experiment in the world, and KOTO II is the only future rare kaon decay project currently proposed. We would like to lead a global initiative for the experimental study of rare kaon decays, with significant contributions and support from the European community.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_02568
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Experimental Study of Rare Kaon Decays at J-PARC with KOTO and KOTO II Ahn, J. K. Augustine, E. Bandiera, L. Bian, J. Brizioli, F. Canale, N. Carini, G. A. Chobanova, V. D'Ambrosio, G. Dainton, J. B. De Capua, S. Fedeli, P. Gianoli, A. Glazov, A. Gonzalez, M. Goudzovski, E. Homma, M. Hsiung, Y. B. Husek, T. Iyer, A. M. Kim, E. J. Kim, C. Komatsubara, T. K. Kotera, K. Kreps, M. Lazzeroni, C. Lim, G. Y. Lim, S. Lin, C. Mahmoudi, F. Malagutti, L. Santos, D. Martinez Massri, K. Matsumura, T. Mazzolari, A. Moulson, M. Nanjo, H. Negrello, R. Neshatpour, S. Nomura, T. Ogawa, D. Ono, K. Paternò, G. Pepe, M. Peruzzo, L. Protopopescu, D. Redeker, J. Romagnoni, M. Romano, A. Rostomyan, A. Shaikhiev, A. Shiomi, K. Shiraishi, R. Soldani, M. Stillwell, B. Swallow, J. Sytov, A. Tajima, Y. Tomczak, A. Tung, Y. C. Wah, Y. W. Wanke, R. Watanabe, H. Yamanaka, T. Yang, G. High Energy Physics - Experiment The rare kaon decay $K_L\toπ^0ν\barν$ is extremely sensitive to new physics, because the contribution to this decay in the Standard Model (SM) is highly suppressed and known very accurately; the branching ratio is $3\times 10^{-11}$ in the SM with a theoretical uncertainty of just 2%. The measurement of this branching ratio could provide essential new information about the flavor structure of the quark sector from the $s\to d$ transition. The decay is being searched for in the KOTO experiment at J-PARC, which has obtained the current best upper limit on the branching ratio of $2.2\times 10^{-9}$; a sensitivity to branching ratios below $10^{-10}$ is achievable by the end of the decade. A next-generation experiment at J-PARC, KOTO II, was proposed in 2024 with 82 members worldwide, including significant contributions from European members. The goal of KOTO II is to measure the $K_L\toπ^0ν\barν$ branching ratio with sensitivity below $10^{-12}$ in the 2030s. Discovery of the decay with $5σ$ significance is achievable at the SM value of the branching ratio. An indication of new physics with a significance of 90% is possible if the observed branching ratio differs by 40% from the SM value. Another important goal of KOTO II is to measure the branching ratio of the unobserved $K_L\to π^0e^+e^-$ decay, which can give an input to flavor structures of new physics. Other rare $K_L$ decays and hidden-sector particles are also in the scope of the study. After 2026, KOTO will be the only dedicated rare kaon decay experiment in the world, and KOTO II is the only future rare kaon decay project currently proposed. We would like to lead a global initiative for the experimental study of rare kaon decays, with significant contributions and support from the European community.
title	Experimental Study of Rare Kaon Decays at J-PARC with KOTO and KOTO II
topic	High Energy Physics - Experiment
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02568

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