Artificial Protozoa Optimizer (APO): A novel bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for engineering optimization

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Xiaopeng, Snasel, Vaclav, Mirjalili, Seyedali, Pan, Jeng-Shyang, Kong, Lingping, Shehadeh, Hisham A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866918011405860864
author Wang, Xiaopeng
Snasel, Vaclav
Mirjalili, Seyedali
Pan, Jeng-Shyang
Kong, Lingping
Shehadeh, Hisham A.
author_facet Wang, Xiaopeng
Snasel, Vaclav
Mirjalili, Seyedali
Pan, Jeng-Shyang
Kong, Lingping
Shehadeh, Hisham A.
contents This study proposes a novel artificial protozoa optimizer (APO) that is inspired by protozoa in nature. The APO mimics the survival mechanisms of protozoa by simulating their foraging, dormancy, and reproductive behaviors. The APO was mathematically modeled and implemented to perform the optimization processes of metaheuristic algorithms. The performance of the APO was verified via experimental simulations and compared with 32 state-of-the-art algorithms. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for pairwise comparisons of the proposed APO with the state-of-the-art algorithms, and Friedman test was used for multiple comparisons. First, the APO was tested using 12 functions of the 2022 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation benchmark. Considering practicality, the proposed APO was used to solve five popular engineering design problems in a continuous space with constraints. Moreover, the APO was applied to solve a multilevel image segmentation task in a discrete space with constraints. The experiments confirmed that the APO could provide highly competitive results for optimization problems. The source codes of Artificial Protozoa Optimizer are publicly available at https://seyedalimirjalili.com/projects and https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/fileexchange/162656-artificial-protozoa-optimizer.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_03512
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Artificial Protozoa Optimizer (APO): A novel bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for engineering optimization
Wang, Xiaopeng
Snasel, Vaclav
Mirjalili, Seyedali
Pan, Jeng-Shyang
Kong, Lingping
Shehadeh, Hisham A.
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Robotics
This study proposes a novel artificial protozoa optimizer (APO) that is inspired by protozoa in nature. The APO mimics the survival mechanisms of protozoa by simulating their foraging, dormancy, and reproductive behaviors. The APO was mathematically modeled and implemented to perform the optimization processes of metaheuristic algorithms. The performance of the APO was verified via experimental simulations and compared with 32 state-of-the-art algorithms. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for pairwise comparisons of the proposed APO with the state-of-the-art algorithms, and Friedman test was used for multiple comparisons. First, the APO was tested using 12 functions of the 2022 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation benchmark. Considering practicality, the proposed APO was used to solve five popular engineering design problems in a continuous space with constraints. Moreover, the APO was applied to solve a multilevel image segmentation task in a discrete space with constraints. The experiments confirmed that the APO could provide highly competitive results for optimization problems. The source codes of Artificial Protozoa Optimizer are publicly available at https://seyedalimirjalili.com/projects and https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/fileexchange/162656-artificial-protozoa-optimizer.
title Artificial Protozoa Optimizer (APO): A novel bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for engineering optimization
topic Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.03512