Contact-Aware Safety in Soft Robots Using High-Order Control Barrier and Lyapunov Functions

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Wong, Kiwan, Stölzle, Maximilian, Xiao, Wei, Della Santina, Cosimo, Rus, Daniela, Zardini, Gioele
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Wong, Kiwan
Stölzle, Maximilian
Xiao, Wei
Della Santina, Cosimo
Rus, Daniela
Zardini, Gioele
author_facet Wong, Kiwan
Stölzle, Maximilian
Xiao, Wei
Della Santina, Cosimo
Rus, Daniela
Zardini, Gioele
contents Robots operating alongside people, particularly in sensitive scenarios such as aiding the elderly with daily tasks or collaborating with workers in manufacturing, must guarantee safety and cultivate user trust. Continuum soft manipulators promise safety through material compliance, but as designs evolve for greater precision, payload capacity, and speed, and increasingly incorporate rigid elements, their injury risk resurfaces. In this letter, we introduce a comprehensive High-Order Control Barrier Function (HOCBF) + High-Order Control Lyapunov Function (HOCLF) framework that enforces strict contact force limits across the entire soft-robot body during environmental interactions. Our approach combines a differentiable Piecewise Cosserat-Segment (PCS) dynamics model with a convex-polygon distance approximation metric, named Differentiable Conservative Separating Axis Theorem (DCSAT), based on the soft robot geometry to enable real-time, whole-body collision detection, resolution, and enforcement of the safety constraints. By embedding HOCBFs into our optimization routine, we guarantee safety, allowing, for instance, safe navigation in operational space under HOCLF-driven motion objectives. Extensive planar simulations demonstrate that our method maintains safety-bounded contacts while achieving precise shape and task-space regulation. This work thus lays a foundation for the deployment of soft robots in human-centric environments with provable safety and performance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_03841
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Contact-Aware Safety in Soft Robots Using High-Order Control Barrier and Lyapunov Functions
Wong, Kiwan
Stölzle, Maximilian
Xiao, Wei
Della Santina, Cosimo
Rus, Daniela
Zardini, Gioele
Robotics
Systems and Control
Robots operating alongside people, particularly in sensitive scenarios such as aiding the elderly with daily tasks or collaborating with workers in manufacturing, must guarantee safety and cultivate user trust. Continuum soft manipulators promise safety through material compliance, but as designs evolve for greater precision, payload capacity, and speed, and increasingly incorporate rigid elements, their injury risk resurfaces. In this letter, we introduce a comprehensive High-Order Control Barrier Function (HOCBF) + High-Order Control Lyapunov Function (HOCLF) framework that enforces strict contact force limits across the entire soft-robot body during environmental interactions. Our approach combines a differentiable Piecewise Cosserat-Segment (PCS) dynamics model with a convex-polygon distance approximation metric, named Differentiable Conservative Separating Axis Theorem (DCSAT), based on the soft robot geometry to enable real-time, whole-body collision detection, resolution, and enforcement of the safety constraints. By embedding HOCBFs into our optimization routine, we guarantee safety, allowing, for instance, safe navigation in operational space under HOCLF-driven motion objectives. Extensive planar simulations demonstrate that our method maintains safety-bounded contacts while achieving precise shape and task-space regulation. This work thus lays a foundation for the deployment of soft robots in human-centric environments with provable safety and performance.
title Contact-Aware Safety in Soft Robots Using High-Order Control Barrier and Lyapunov Functions
topic Robotics
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.03841