The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): SDSS spectroscopic observations of X-ray sources
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Aydar, Catarina Merloni, Andrea Dwelly, Tom Comparat, Johan Salvato, Mara Buchner, Johannes Brusa, Marcella Liu, Teng Wolf, Julien Anderson, Scott F. Andonie, Carolina P. Bauer, Franz Erik Blanton, Michael R. Brandt, William Nielsen Díaz, Yaherlyn Hernandez-García, Lorena Kim, Dong-Woo Miyaji, Takamitsu Morrison, Sean Musiimenta, Blessing Negrete, Castalia Alenka Ni, Qingling Ricci, Claudio Schneider, Donald P. Schwope, Axel Shen, Yue Waddell, Sophia G. H. Arcodia, Riccardo Bizyaev, Dmitry Burchett, Joseph N. Chakraborty, Priyanka Covey, Kevin Gansicke, Boris T. Georgakakis, Antonis Green, Paul J. Ibarra, Hector Ider-Chitham, Jacob Koekemoer, Anton M. Kollmeier, Juna A. Krumpe, Mirko Lamer, Georg Malyali, Adam Nandra, Kirpal Pan, Kaike Pizarro, Claudio Rivera Sanchez-Gallego, José Trump, Jonathan R. Urrutia, Tanya |
| author_facet | Aydar, Catarina Merloni, Andrea Dwelly, Tom Comparat, Johan Salvato, Mara Buchner, Johannes Brusa, Marcella Liu, Teng Wolf, Julien Anderson, Scott F. Andonie, Carolina P. Bauer, Franz Erik Blanton, Michael R. Brandt, William Nielsen Díaz, Yaherlyn Hernandez-García, Lorena Kim, Dong-Woo Miyaji, Takamitsu Morrison, Sean Musiimenta, Blessing Negrete, Castalia Alenka Ni, Qingling Ricci, Claudio Schneider, Donald P. Schwope, Axel Shen, Yue Waddell, Sophia G. H. Arcodia, Riccardo Bizyaev, Dmitry Burchett, Joseph N. Chakraborty, Priyanka Covey, Kevin Gansicke, Boris T. Georgakakis, Antonis Green, Paul J. Ibarra, Hector Ider-Chitham, Jacob Koekemoer, Anton M. Kollmeier, Juna A. Krumpe, Mirko Lamer, Georg Malyali, Adam Nandra, Kirpal Pan, Kaike Pizarro, Claudio Rivera Sanchez-Gallego, José Trump, Jonathan R. Urrutia, Tanya |
| contents | We present one of the largest uniform optical spectroscopic surveys of X-ray selected sources to date that were observed as a pilot study for the Black Hole Mapper (BHM) survey. The BHM program of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-V is designed to provide optical spectra for hundreds of thousands of X-ray selected sources from the SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey. This significantly improves our ability to classify and characterise the physical properties of large statistical populations of X-ray emitting objects. Our sample consists of 13079 sources in the eROSITA eFEDS performance verification field, 12011 of which provide reliable redshifts from 0<z<5.8. The vast majority of these objects were detected as point-like sources (X-ray flux limit F(0.5-2 keV)>6.5x10^-15 erg/s/cm^2) and were observed for about 20 years with fibre-fed SDSS spectrographs. After including all available redshift information for the eFEDS sources from the dedicated SDSS-V plate programme and archival data, we visually inspected the SDSS optical spectra to verify the reliability of these redshift measurements and the performance of the SDSS pipeline. The visual inspection allowed us to recover reliable redshifts (for 99% of the spectra with a signal-to-noise ratio of >2) and to assign classes to the sources, and we confirm that the vast majority of our sample consists of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Only ~3% of the eFEDS/SDSS sources are Galactic objects. We also show the diversity of the optical spectra of the X-ray selected AGNs and provide spectral stacks with a high signal-to-noise ratio in various sub-samples with different redshift and optical broad-band colours. Our AGN sample contains optical spectra of (broad-line) quasars, narrow-line galaxies, and optically passive galaxies. It is considerably diverse in its colours and in its levels of nuclear obscuration. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_03872 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): SDSS spectroscopic observations of X-ray sources Aydar, Catarina Merloni, Andrea Dwelly, Tom Comparat, Johan Salvato, Mara Buchner, Johannes Brusa, Marcella Liu, Teng Wolf, Julien Anderson, Scott F. Andonie, Carolina P. Bauer, Franz Erik Blanton, Michael R. Brandt, William Nielsen Díaz, Yaherlyn Hernandez-García, Lorena Kim, Dong-Woo Miyaji, Takamitsu Morrison, Sean Musiimenta, Blessing Negrete, Castalia Alenka Ni, Qingling Ricci, Claudio Schneider, Donald P. Schwope, Axel Shen, Yue Waddell, Sophia G. H. Arcodia, Riccardo Bizyaev, Dmitry Burchett, Joseph N. Chakraborty, Priyanka Covey, Kevin Gansicke, Boris T. Georgakakis, Antonis Green, Paul J. Ibarra, Hector Ider-Chitham, Jacob Koekemoer, Anton M. Kollmeier, Juna A. Krumpe, Mirko Lamer, Georg Malyali, Adam Nandra, Kirpal Pan, Kaike Pizarro, Claudio Rivera Sanchez-Gallego, José Trump, Jonathan R. Urrutia, Tanya High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies We present one of the largest uniform optical spectroscopic surveys of X-ray selected sources to date that were observed as a pilot study for the Black Hole Mapper (BHM) survey. The BHM program of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-V is designed to provide optical spectra for hundreds of thousands of X-ray selected sources from the SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey. This significantly improves our ability to classify and characterise the physical properties of large statistical populations of X-ray emitting objects. Our sample consists of 13079 sources in the eROSITA eFEDS performance verification field, 12011 of which provide reliable redshifts from 0<z<5.8. The vast majority of these objects were detected as point-like sources (X-ray flux limit F(0.5-2 keV)>6.5x10^-15 erg/s/cm^2) and were observed for about 20 years with fibre-fed SDSS spectrographs. After including all available redshift information for the eFEDS sources from the dedicated SDSS-V plate programme and archival data, we visually inspected the SDSS optical spectra to verify the reliability of these redshift measurements and the performance of the SDSS pipeline. The visual inspection allowed us to recover reliable redshifts (for 99% of the spectra with a signal-to-noise ratio of >2) and to assign classes to the sources, and we confirm that the vast majority of our sample consists of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Only ~3% of the eFEDS/SDSS sources are Galactic objects. We also show the diversity of the optical spectra of the X-ray selected AGNs and provide spectral stacks with a high signal-to-noise ratio in various sub-samples with different redshift and optical broad-band colours. Our AGN sample contains optical spectra of (broad-line) quasars, narrow-line galaxies, and optically passive galaxies. It is considerably diverse in its colours and in its levels of nuclear obscuration. |
| title | The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): SDSS spectroscopic observations of X-ray sources |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.03872 |