Fast Fourier Transform-Based Spectral and Temporal Gradient Filtering for Differential Privacy

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Shin, Hyeju, Vincent-Daniel, Jung, Kyudan, Yun, Seongwon
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Shin, Hyeju
Vincent-Daniel
Jung, Kyudan
Yun, Seongwon
author_facet Shin, Hyeju
Vincent-Daniel
Jung, Kyudan
Yun, Seongwon
contents Differential Privacy (DP) has emerged as a key framework for protecting sensitive data in machine learning, but standard DP-SGD often suffers from significant accuracy loss due to injected noise. To address this limitation, we introduce the FFT-Enhanced Kalman Filter (FFTKF), a differentially private optimization method that improves gradient quality while preserving $(\varepsilon, δ)$-DP guarantees. FFTKF applies frequency-domain filtering to shift privacy noise into less informative high-frequency components, preserving the low-frequency gradient signals that carry most learning information. A scalar-gain Kalman filter with a finite-difference Hessian approximation further refines the denoised gradients. The method has per-iteration complexity $\mathcal{O}(d \log d)$ and achieves higher test accuracy than DP-SGD and DiSK on MNIST, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and Tiny-ImageNet with CNNs, Wide ResNets, and Vision Transformers. Theoretical analysis shows that FFTKF ensures equivalent privacy while delivering a stronger privacy--utility trade-off through reduced variance and controlled bias.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_04468
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Fast Fourier Transform-Based Spectral and Temporal Gradient Filtering for Differential Privacy
Shin, Hyeju
Vincent-Daniel
Jung, Kyudan
Yun, Seongwon
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Information Theory
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Differential Privacy (DP) has emerged as a key framework for protecting sensitive data in machine learning, but standard DP-SGD often suffers from significant accuracy loss due to injected noise. To address this limitation, we introduce the FFT-Enhanced Kalman Filter (FFTKF), a differentially private optimization method that improves gradient quality while preserving $(\varepsilon, δ)$-DP guarantees. FFTKF applies frequency-domain filtering to shift privacy noise into less informative high-frequency components, preserving the low-frequency gradient signals that carry most learning information. A scalar-gain Kalman filter with a finite-difference Hessian approximation further refines the denoised gradients. The method has per-iteration complexity $\mathcal{O}(d \log d)$ and achieves higher test accuracy than DP-SGD and DiSK on MNIST, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and Tiny-ImageNet with CNNs, Wide ResNets, and Vision Transformers. Theoretical analysis shows that FFTKF ensures equivalent privacy while delivering a stronger privacy--utility trade-off through reduced variance and controlled bias.
title Fast Fourier Transform-Based Spectral and Temporal Gradient Filtering for Differential Privacy
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Information Theory
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04468