Modeling Personalized Difficulty of Rehabilitation Exercises Using Causal Trees

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Dennler, Nathaniel, Shi, Zhonghao, Yoo, Uksang, Nikolaidis, Stefanos, Matarić, Maja
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Dennler, Nathaniel
Shi, Zhonghao
Yoo, Uksang
Nikolaidis, Stefanos
Matarić, Maja
author_facet Dennler, Nathaniel
Shi, Zhonghao
Yoo, Uksang
Nikolaidis, Stefanos
Matarić, Maja
contents Rehabilitation robots are often used in game-like interactions for rehabilitation to increase a person's motivation to complete rehabilitation exercises. By adjusting exercise difficulty for a specific user throughout the exercise interaction, robots can maximize both the user's rehabilitation outcomes and the their motivation throughout the exercise. Previous approaches have assumed exercises have generic difficulty values that apply to all users equally, however, we identified that stroke survivors have varied and unique perceptions of exercise difficulty. For example, some stroke survivors found reaching vertically more difficult than reaching farther but lower while others found reaching farther more challenging than reaching vertically. In this paper, we formulate a causal tree-based method to calculate exercise difficulty based on the user's performance. We find that this approach accurately models exercise difficulty and provides a readily interpretable model of why that exercise is difficult for both users and caretakers.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_04583
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Modeling Personalized Difficulty of Rehabilitation Exercises Using Causal Trees
Dennler, Nathaniel
Shi, Zhonghao
Yoo, Uksang
Nikolaidis, Stefanos
Matarić, Maja
Robotics
Machine Learning
Rehabilitation robots are often used in game-like interactions for rehabilitation to increase a person's motivation to complete rehabilitation exercises. By adjusting exercise difficulty for a specific user throughout the exercise interaction, robots can maximize both the user's rehabilitation outcomes and the their motivation throughout the exercise. Previous approaches have assumed exercises have generic difficulty values that apply to all users equally, however, we identified that stroke survivors have varied and unique perceptions of exercise difficulty. For example, some stroke survivors found reaching vertically more difficult than reaching farther but lower while others found reaching farther more challenging than reaching vertically. In this paper, we formulate a causal tree-based method to calculate exercise difficulty based on the user's performance. We find that this approach accurately models exercise difficulty and provides a readily interpretable model of why that exercise is difficult for both users and caretakers.
title Modeling Personalized Difficulty of Rehabilitation Exercises Using Causal Trees
topic Robotics
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04583