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Main Authors: Qian, Kecheng Stephon, Chiang, Eugene
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04618
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author Qian, Kecheng Stephon
Chiang, Eugene
author_facet Qian, Kecheng Stephon
Chiang, Eugene
contents We study the stability of a hot saturated gas coexisting with condensed particles in an optically thin medium. Such a situation may obtain downstream of a shock, at condensation fronts, or in vaporizing impacts. We show that the gas-particle mixture is subject to a thermal instability whereby a region of lower temperature and higher condensate density cools faster to condense faster. If the region of runaway condensation has a sound-crossing time shorter than its cooling time, then it accretes more mass, in gas and particles, from its higher pressure surroundings. Numerical integration of the linearized perturbation equations demonstrates that this radiation-condensation instability can create particle clumps and voids out of a secularly cooling gas. Provided radiation can escape to cool particle overdensities, thermal instability can help assemble chondrite parent bodies out of the vaporized debris of asteroid collisions, and form planetesimals generally.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_04618
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Linear Thermal Instability of a Condensing Gas-Particle Mixture, with Possible Application to Chondrites and Planetesimals
Qian, Kecheng Stephon
Chiang, Eugene
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
We study the stability of a hot saturated gas coexisting with condensed particles in an optically thin medium. Such a situation may obtain downstream of a shock, at condensation fronts, or in vaporizing impacts. We show that the gas-particle mixture is subject to a thermal instability whereby a region of lower temperature and higher condensate density cools faster to condense faster. If the region of runaway condensation has a sound-crossing time shorter than its cooling time, then it accretes more mass, in gas and particles, from its higher pressure surroundings. Numerical integration of the linearized perturbation equations demonstrates that this radiation-condensation instability can create particle clumps and voids out of a secularly cooling gas. Provided radiation can escape to cool particle overdensities, thermal instability can help assemble chondrite parent bodies out of the vaporized debris of asteroid collisions, and form planetesimals generally.
title Linear Thermal Instability of a Condensing Gas-Particle Mixture, with Possible Application to Chondrites and Planetesimals
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04618