Overcoming Dimensional Factorization Limits in Discrete Diffusion Models through Quantum Joint Distribution Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Chen, Chuangtao, Zhao, Qinglin, Zhou, MengChu, Niyato, Dusit, He, Zhimin, Situ, Haozhen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Chen, Chuangtao
Zhao, Qinglin
Zhou, MengChu
Niyato, Dusit
He, Zhimin
Situ, Haozhen
author_facet Chen, Chuangtao
Zhao, Qinglin
Zhou, MengChu
Niyato, Dusit
He, Zhimin
Situ, Haozhen
contents Discrete diffusion models represent a significant advance in generative modeling, demonstrating remarkable success in synthesizing complex, high-quality discrete data. However, to avoid exponential computational costs, they typically rely on calculating per-dimension transition probabilities when learning high-dimensional distributions. In this study, we rigorously prove that this approach leads to a worst-case linear scaling of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence with data dimension. To address this, we propose a Quantum Discrete Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (QD3PM), which enables joint probability learning through diffusion and denoising in exponentially large Hilbert spaces, offering a theoretical pathway to faithfully capture the true joint distribution. By deriving posterior states through quantum Bayes' theorem, similar to the crucial role of posterior probabilities in classical diffusion models, and by learning the joint probability, we establish a solid theoretical foundation for quantum-enhanced diffusion models. For denoising, we design a quantum circuit that utilizes temporal information for parameter sharing and incorporates learnable classical-data-controlled rotations for encoding. Exploiting joint distribution learning, our approach enables single-step sampling from pure noise, eliminating iterative requirements of existing models. Simulations demonstrate the proposed model's superior accuracy in modeling complex distributions compared to factorization methods. Hence, this paper establishes a new theoretical paradigm in generative models by leveraging the quantum advantage in joint distribution learning.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_05151
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Overcoming Dimensional Factorization Limits in Discrete Diffusion Models through Quantum Joint Distribution Learning
Chen, Chuangtao
Zhao, Qinglin
Zhou, MengChu
Niyato, Dusit
He, Zhimin
Situ, Haozhen
Quantum Physics
Machine Learning
Discrete diffusion models represent a significant advance in generative modeling, demonstrating remarkable success in synthesizing complex, high-quality discrete data. However, to avoid exponential computational costs, they typically rely on calculating per-dimension transition probabilities when learning high-dimensional distributions. In this study, we rigorously prove that this approach leads to a worst-case linear scaling of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence with data dimension. To address this, we propose a Quantum Discrete Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (QD3PM), which enables joint probability learning through diffusion and denoising in exponentially large Hilbert spaces, offering a theoretical pathway to faithfully capture the true joint distribution. By deriving posterior states through quantum Bayes' theorem, similar to the crucial role of posterior probabilities in classical diffusion models, and by learning the joint probability, we establish a solid theoretical foundation for quantum-enhanced diffusion models. For denoising, we design a quantum circuit that utilizes temporal information for parameter sharing and incorporates learnable classical-data-controlled rotations for encoding. Exploiting joint distribution learning, our approach enables single-step sampling from pure noise, eliminating iterative requirements of existing models. Simulations demonstrate the proposed model's superior accuracy in modeling complex distributions compared to factorization methods. Hence, this paper establishes a new theoretical paradigm in generative models by leveraging the quantum advantage in joint distribution learning.
title Overcoming Dimensional Factorization Limits in Discrete Diffusion Models through Quantum Joint Distribution Learning
topic Quantum Physics
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05151