Quantum Surrogate-Driven Image Classifier: A Gradient-Free Approach to Avoid Barren Plateaus

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Xie, Yichen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Xie, Yichen
author_facet Xie, Yichen
contents Training deep quantum neural networks (QNNs) for image classification is notoriously difficult due to vanishing gradients (barren plateaus) and limited nonlinearity in purely unitary circuits. We propose a novel gradient-free surrogate-driven framework combined with mid-circuit measurement and reset of ancillary qubits to induce effective nonunitarity. Our approach uses a classical neural surrogate to predict measurement outcomes from circuit parameters to avoid direct gradients. Theoretical results prove that bypassing quantum gradients mitigates plateau issues. Experiments on MNIST, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100 with 15-qubit, 6-layer circuits using four resettable ancillas demonstrate superior accuracy compared to direct-gradient QNNs and classical baselines. Our method also serves as a potential for a generalized training framework applicable to various QNN architectures beyond image classification.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_05249
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantum Surrogate-Driven Image Classifier: A Gradient-Free Approach to Avoid Barren Plateaus
Xie, Yichen
Quantum Physics
Training deep quantum neural networks (QNNs) for image classification is notoriously difficult due to vanishing gradients (barren plateaus) and limited nonlinearity in purely unitary circuits. We propose a novel gradient-free surrogate-driven framework combined with mid-circuit measurement and reset of ancillary qubits to induce effective nonunitarity. Our approach uses a classical neural surrogate to predict measurement outcomes from circuit parameters to avoid direct gradients. Theoretical results prove that bypassing quantum gradients mitigates plateau issues. Experiments on MNIST, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100 with 15-qubit, 6-layer circuits using four resettable ancillas demonstrate superior accuracy compared to direct-gradient QNNs and classical baselines. Our method also serves as a potential for a generalized training framework applicable to various QNN architectures beyond image classification.
title Quantum Surrogate-Driven Image Classifier: A Gradient-Free Approach to Avoid Barren Plateaus
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05249