Timestamp Manipulation: Timestamp-based Nakamoto-style Blockchains are Vulnerable

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Hu, Junjie, Duan, Sisi
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Hu, Junjie
Duan, Sisi
author_facet Hu, Junjie
Duan, Sisi
contents Nakamoto consensus are the most widely adopted decentralized consensus mechanism in cryptocurrency systems. Since it was proposed in 2008, many studies have focused on analyzing its security. Most of them focus on maximizing the profit of the adversary. Examples include the selfish mining attack [FC '14] and the recent riskless uncle maker (RUM) attack [CCS '23]. In this work, we introduce the Staircase-Unrestricted Uncle Maker (SUUM), the first block withholding attack targeting the timestamp-based Nakamoto-style blockchain. Through block withholding, timestamp manipulation, and difficulty risk control, SUUM adversaries are capable of launching persistent attacks with zero cost and minimal difficulty risk characteristics, indefinitely exploiting rewards from honest participants. This creates a self-reinforcing cycle that threatens the security of blockchains. We conduct a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of SUUM, including the attack conditions, its impact on blockchains, and the difficulty risks. Finally, we further discuss four feasible mitigation measures against SUUM.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_05328
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Timestamp Manipulation: Timestamp-based Nakamoto-style Blockchains are Vulnerable
Hu, Junjie
Duan, Sisi
Cryptography and Security
Computer Science and Game Theory
Nakamoto consensus are the most widely adopted decentralized consensus mechanism in cryptocurrency systems. Since it was proposed in 2008, many studies have focused on analyzing its security. Most of them focus on maximizing the profit of the adversary. Examples include the selfish mining attack [FC '14] and the recent riskless uncle maker (RUM) attack [CCS '23]. In this work, we introduce the Staircase-Unrestricted Uncle Maker (SUUM), the first block withholding attack targeting the timestamp-based Nakamoto-style blockchain. Through block withholding, timestamp manipulation, and difficulty risk control, SUUM adversaries are capable of launching persistent attacks with zero cost and minimal difficulty risk characteristics, indefinitely exploiting rewards from honest participants. This creates a self-reinforcing cycle that threatens the security of blockchains. We conduct a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of SUUM, including the attack conditions, its impact on blockchains, and the difficulty risks. Finally, we further discuss four feasible mitigation measures against SUUM.
title Timestamp Manipulation: Timestamp-based Nakamoto-style Blockchains are Vulnerable
topic Cryptography and Security
Computer Science and Game Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05328