A critical note on the sideband peak count-index technique: failure for nonlinear damage characterization of impacted CFRP plates

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Hauptverfasser: Köhler, Bernd, Schubert, Frank
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Köhler, Bernd
Schubert, Frank
author_facet Köhler, Bernd
Schubert, Frank
contents It is widely accepted, that nonlinear elastodynamic methods are superior to linear methods in detecting early stages of material deterioration. A number of recently developed methods are reported to be particularly sensitive to nonlinearities and thus appropriate to indicate early damage. We applied systematically one of the methods, the sideband peak count index (SPC-I), to a series of increasingly damaged carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plates. Our data leads to different conclusions. The SPC-I values are influenced by (usually undocumented) variations in the index calculation procedure, which is not acceptable for a robust method. Moreover, the behavior of the index when the ultrasound amplitude is varied contradicts material nonlinearity as a direct and significant contributor to the index value. To clarify the apparent contradiction of our results with the previously published statements, it is recommended that (a) our data are re-evaluated by independent researchers and (b) the experiments already published are repeated or (if sufficient data is availThe paper has been updated for submission to NDT&E.able) also re-evaluated.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_05611
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A critical note on the sideband peak count-index technique: failure for nonlinear damage characterization of impacted CFRP plates
Köhler, Bernd
Schubert, Frank
Signal Processing
Materials Science
It is widely accepted, that nonlinear elastodynamic methods are superior to linear methods in detecting early stages of material deterioration. A number of recently developed methods are reported to be particularly sensitive to nonlinearities and thus appropriate to indicate early damage. We applied systematically one of the methods, the sideband peak count index (SPC-I), to a series of increasingly damaged carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plates. Our data leads to different conclusions. The SPC-I values are influenced by (usually undocumented) variations in the index calculation procedure, which is not acceptable for a robust method. Moreover, the behavior of the index when the ultrasound amplitude is varied contradicts material nonlinearity as a direct and significant contributor to the index value. To clarify the apparent contradiction of our results with the previously published statements, it is recommended that (a) our data are re-evaluated by independent researchers and (b) the experiments already published are repeated or (if sufficient data is availThe paper has been updated for submission to NDT&E.able) also re-evaluated.
title A critical note on the sideband peak count-index technique: failure for nonlinear damage characterization of impacted CFRP plates
topic Signal Processing
Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05611