Images of polynomial maps and the Ax-Grothendieck theorem over algebraically closed division rings

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Paran, Elad, Son, Tran Nam
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Paran, Elad
Son, Tran Nam
author_facet Paran, Elad
Son, Tran Nam
contents We study the images of polynomial maps over algebraically closed division rings. Our first result generalizes the classical Ax-Grothendieck theorem: We show that if $ f_1, \ldots, f_m $ are elements of the free associative algebra $ D\langle X_1, \ldots, X_m \rangle $ generated by $ m \geq 1 $ variables over an algebraically closed division ring $ D $ of finite dimension over its center $ F $, and if the induced map $ f = (f_1, \ldots, f_m) \colon D^m \to D^m $ is injective, then $ f $ must be surjective. With no condition on the dimension over the center, our second result is that $ p(D) = D $ if $ p $ is either an element in $ F\langle X_1, \ldots, X_m \rangle $ with zero constant term such that $ p(F) \neq \{0\} $, or a nonconstant polynomial in $F[x]$. Furthermore, we also establish some Waring type results. For instance, for any integer $ n > 1 $, we prove that every matrix in $ \mathrm{M}_n(D) $ can be expressed as a difference of pairs of multiplicative commutators of elements from $ p(\mathrm{M}_n(D)) $, provided again that $ D $ is finite-dimensional over $ F $.
format Preprint
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publishDate 2025
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spellingShingle Images of polynomial maps and the Ax-Grothendieck theorem over algebraically closed division rings
Paran, Elad
Son, Tran Nam
Rings and Algebras
We study the images of polynomial maps over algebraically closed division rings. Our first result generalizes the classical Ax-Grothendieck theorem: We show that if $ f_1, \ldots, f_m $ are elements of the free associative algebra $ D\langle X_1, \ldots, X_m \rangle $ generated by $ m \geq 1 $ variables over an algebraically closed division ring $ D $ of finite dimension over its center $ F $, and if the induced map $ f = (f_1, \ldots, f_m) \colon D^m \to D^m $ is injective, then $ f $ must be surjective. With no condition on the dimension over the center, our second result is that $ p(D) = D $ if $ p $ is either an element in $ F\langle X_1, \ldots, X_m \rangle $ with zero constant term such that $ p(F) \neq \{0\} $, or a nonconstant polynomial in $F[x]$. Furthermore, we also establish some Waring type results. For instance, for any integer $ n > 1 $, we prove that every matrix in $ \mathrm{M}_n(D) $ can be expressed as a difference of pairs of multiplicative commutators of elements from $ p(\mathrm{M}_n(D)) $, provided again that $ D $ is finite-dimensional over $ F $.
title Images of polynomial maps and the Ax-Grothendieck theorem over algebraically closed division rings
topic Rings and Algebras
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06667