QSeer: A Quantum-Inspired Graph Neural Network for Parameter Initialization in Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm Circuits

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Jiang, Lei, Zhang, Chi, Chen, Fan
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Jiang, Lei
Zhang, Chi
Chen, Fan
author_facet Jiang, Lei
Zhang, Chi
Chen, Fan
contents To mitigate the barren plateau problem, effective parameter initialization is crucial for optimizing the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) in the near-term Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. Prior physics-driven approaches leveraged the optimal parameter concentration phenomenon, utilizing medium values of previously optimized QAOA parameters stored in databases as initialization for new graphs. However, this medium-value-based strategy lacks generalization capability. Conversely, prior computer-science-based approaches employed graph neural networks (GNNs) trained on previously optimized QAOA parameters to predict initialization values for new graphs. However, these approaches neglect key physics-informed QAOA principles, such as parameter concentration, symmetry, and adiabatic evolution, resulting in suboptimal parameter predictions and limited performance improvements. Furthermore, no existing GNN-based methods support parameter initialization for QAOA circuits with variable depths or for solving weighted Max-Cut problems. This paper introduces QSeer, a quantum-inspired GNN designed for accurate QAOA parameter prediction. Compared to prior physics- and computer-science-driven methods, QSeer improves the initial approximation ratio and convergence speed of QAOA circuits across diverse graphs by 6%-68% and 5x-10x, respectively.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_06810
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle QSeer: A Quantum-Inspired Graph Neural Network for Parameter Initialization in Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm Circuits
Jiang, Lei
Zhang, Chi
Chen, Fan
Emerging Technologies
To mitigate the barren plateau problem, effective parameter initialization is crucial for optimizing the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) in the near-term Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. Prior physics-driven approaches leveraged the optimal parameter concentration phenomenon, utilizing medium values of previously optimized QAOA parameters stored in databases as initialization for new graphs. However, this medium-value-based strategy lacks generalization capability. Conversely, prior computer-science-based approaches employed graph neural networks (GNNs) trained on previously optimized QAOA parameters to predict initialization values for new graphs. However, these approaches neglect key physics-informed QAOA principles, such as parameter concentration, symmetry, and adiabatic evolution, resulting in suboptimal parameter predictions and limited performance improvements. Furthermore, no existing GNN-based methods support parameter initialization for QAOA circuits with variable depths or for solving weighted Max-Cut problems. This paper introduces QSeer, a quantum-inspired GNN designed for accurate QAOA parameter prediction. Compared to prior physics- and computer-science-driven methods, QSeer improves the initial approximation ratio and convergence speed of QAOA circuits across diverse graphs by 6%-68% and 5x-10x, respectively.
title QSeer: A Quantum-Inspired Graph Neural Network for Parameter Initialization in Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm Circuits
topic Emerging Technologies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06810