Internet of Agents: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Wang, Yuntao, Guo, Shaolong, Pan, Yanghe, Su, Zhou, Chen, Fahao, Luan, Tom H., Li, Peng, Kang, Jiawen, Niyato, Dusit
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Wang, Yuntao
Guo, Shaolong
Pan, Yanghe
Su, Zhou
Chen, Fahao
Luan, Tom H.
Li, Peng
Kang, Jiawen
Niyato, Dusit
author_facet Wang, Yuntao
Guo, Shaolong
Pan, Yanghe
Su, Zhou
Chen, Fahao
Luan, Tom H.
Li, Peng
Kang, Jiawen
Niyato, Dusit
contents With the rapid proliferation of large language models and vision-language models, AI agents have evolved from isolated, task-specific systems into autonomous, interactive entities capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting without human intervention. As these agents proliferate across virtual and physical environments, from virtual assistants to embodied robots, the need for a unified, agent-centric infrastructure becomes paramount. In this survey, we introduce the Internet of Agents (IoA) as a foundational framework that enables seamless interconnection, dynamic discovery, and collaborative orchestration among heterogeneous agents at scale. We begin by presenting a general IoA architecture, highlighting its hierarchical organization, distinguishing features relative to the traditional Internet, and emerging applications. Next, we analyze the key operational enablers of IoA, including capability notification and discovery, adaptive communication protocols, dynamic task matching, consensus and conflict-resolution mechanisms, and incentive models. Finally, we identify open research directions toward building resilient and trustworthy IoA ecosystems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_07176
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Internet of Agents: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges
Wang, Yuntao
Guo, Shaolong
Pan, Yanghe
Su, Zhou
Chen, Fahao
Luan, Tom H.
Li, Peng
Kang, Jiawen
Niyato, Dusit
Multiagent Systems
Artificial Intelligence
With the rapid proliferation of large language models and vision-language models, AI agents have evolved from isolated, task-specific systems into autonomous, interactive entities capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting without human intervention. As these agents proliferate across virtual and physical environments, from virtual assistants to embodied robots, the need for a unified, agent-centric infrastructure becomes paramount. In this survey, we introduce the Internet of Agents (IoA) as a foundational framework that enables seamless interconnection, dynamic discovery, and collaborative orchestration among heterogeneous agents at scale. We begin by presenting a general IoA architecture, highlighting its hierarchical organization, distinguishing features relative to the traditional Internet, and emerging applications. Next, we analyze the key operational enablers of IoA, including capability notification and discovery, adaptive communication protocols, dynamic task matching, consensus and conflict-resolution mechanisms, and incentive models. Finally, we identify open research directions toward building resilient and trustworthy IoA ecosystems.
title Internet of Agents: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges
topic Multiagent Systems
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.07176