Unraveling Mn intercalation and diffusion in NbSe$_2$ bilayers through DFTB simulations

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Main Authors: Ipaves, Bruno, de Oliveira, Raphael B., Fabris, Guilherme da Silva Lopes, Batzill, Matthias, Galvão, Douglas S.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866912858605879296
author Ipaves, Bruno
de Oliveira, Raphael B.
Fabris, Guilherme da Silva Lopes
Batzill, Matthias
Galvão, Douglas S.
author_facet Ipaves, Bruno
de Oliveira, Raphael B.
Fabris, Guilherme da Silva Lopes
Batzill, Matthias
Galvão, Douglas S.
contents Understanding transition metal atoms' intercalation and diffusion behavior in two-dimensional (2D) materials is essential for advancing their potential in spintronics and other emerging technologies. In this study, we used density functional tight binding (DFTB) simulations to investigate the atomic-scale mechanisms of manganese (Mn) intercalation into NbSe$_2$ bilayers. Our results show that Mn prefers intercalated and embedded positions rather than surface adsorption, as cohesive energy calculations indicate enhanced stability in these configurations. Nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations revealed an energy barrier of 0.68 eV for the migration of Mn into the interlayer, comparable to other substrates, suggesting accessible diffusion pathways. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further demonstrated an intercalation concentration-dependent behavior. Mn atoms initially adsorb on the surface and gradually diffuse inward, resulting in an effective intercalation at higher Mn densities before clustering effects emerge. These results provide helpful insights into the diffusion pathways and stability of Mn atoms within NbSe$_2$ bilayers, consistent with experimental observations and offering a deeper understanding of heteroatom intercalation mechanisms in transition metal dichalcogenides.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_07781
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unraveling Mn intercalation and diffusion in NbSe$_2$ bilayers through DFTB simulations
Ipaves, Bruno
de Oliveira, Raphael B.
Fabris, Guilherme da Silva Lopes
Batzill, Matthias
Galvão, Douglas S.
Materials Science
Understanding transition metal atoms' intercalation and diffusion behavior in two-dimensional (2D) materials is essential for advancing their potential in spintronics and other emerging technologies. In this study, we used density functional tight binding (DFTB) simulations to investigate the atomic-scale mechanisms of manganese (Mn) intercalation into NbSe$_2$ bilayers. Our results show that Mn prefers intercalated and embedded positions rather than surface adsorption, as cohesive energy calculations indicate enhanced stability in these configurations. Nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations revealed an energy barrier of 0.68 eV for the migration of Mn into the interlayer, comparable to other substrates, suggesting accessible diffusion pathways. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further demonstrated an intercalation concentration-dependent behavior. Mn atoms initially adsorb on the surface and gradually diffuse inward, resulting in an effective intercalation at higher Mn densities before clustering effects emerge. These results provide helpful insights into the diffusion pathways and stability of Mn atoms within NbSe$_2$ bilayers, consistent with experimental observations and offering a deeper understanding of heteroatom intercalation mechanisms in transition metal dichalcogenides.
title Unraveling Mn intercalation and diffusion in NbSe$_2$ bilayers through DFTB simulations
topic Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.07781