Sustainability of cities under declining population and decreasing distance frictions: The case of Japan

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Mori, Tomoya, Murakami, Daisuke
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Mori, Tomoya
Murakami, Daisuke
author_facet Mori, Tomoya
Murakami, Daisuke
contents This study develops a statistical model that integrates economic agglomeration theory and power-law distributions of city sizes to project future population distribution on 1-km grid cells. We focus on Japan -- a country at the forefront of rapid population decline. Drawing on official population projections and empirical patterns from past urban evolution in response to the development of high-speed rail and highway networks, we examine how ongoing demographic contraction and expected reductions in distance frictions may reshape urban geography. Our analysis suggests that urban economies will consolidate around fewer and larger cities, each of which will experience a flattening of population density as the decentralization of urban populations accelerates, while rural areas are expected to experience further depopulation as a result of these spatial and economic shifts. By identifying sustainable urban cores capable of anchoring regional economies, our model provides a framework for policymakers to manage population decline while maintaining resilience through optimized infrastructure and resource allocation focused on these key urban centers.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_08333
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Sustainability of cities under declining population and decreasing distance frictions: The case of Japan
Mori, Tomoya
Murakami, Daisuke
General Economics
Economics
This study develops a statistical model that integrates economic agglomeration theory and power-law distributions of city sizes to project future population distribution on 1-km grid cells. We focus on Japan -- a country at the forefront of rapid population decline. Drawing on official population projections and empirical patterns from past urban evolution in response to the development of high-speed rail and highway networks, we examine how ongoing demographic contraction and expected reductions in distance frictions may reshape urban geography. Our analysis suggests that urban economies will consolidate around fewer and larger cities, each of which will experience a flattening of population density as the decentralization of urban populations accelerates, while rural areas are expected to experience further depopulation as a result of these spatial and economic shifts. By identifying sustainable urban cores capable of anchoring regional economies, our model provides a framework for policymakers to manage population decline while maintaining resilience through optimized infrastructure and resource allocation focused on these key urban centers.
title Sustainability of cities under declining population and decreasing distance frictions: The case of Japan
topic General Economics
Economics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08333